Urban Mobility Green Paper Chengdu 2014 Launch innovative mobility to drive growth and urban well-being! Urban Mobility Green paper Chengdu 2014 Launch innovative mobility to drive growth and urban well-being! SYNTHESIS Michelin Challenge Bibendum milestones 7 Editorial «Daring and innovating together to rediscover the pleasure of mobility.» 9 CONTENTS Executive summary «Daring to transform transportation for the good of everyone» 12 «Mounting societal demand that calls for game changers!» 15 1 GAME CHANGERS 1/ 1 Setting ambitious CO2 reduction targets and implementing the relevant 23 economic instruments 1/ Preventing developments with devastating consequences 23 2/ Addressing an unprecedented challenge! 25 3/ Implementing CO2 emission reduction solutions 25 4/ Recommendations on economic instruments and urban mobility 27 1/ 2 Implementing ultra-low emission zones with enhanced road safety measures 29 and appropriate infrastructure and vehicles 1/ Limiting transport-related pollutant emissions 29 2/ Reducing air pollutants, congestion and accidents 30 3/ Introducing low emission zones (LEZs) followed by ultra-low emission zones (ULEZs) 31 4/ Recommendations on the rules for setting up and entering enhanced road safety zones 34 1/ 3 Developing door to door transport solutions for people, 35 with corresponding web-based applications 1/ Five developing areas for door to door solutions 35 2/ Implementing three solutions on a priority basis 41 1/ 4 Reinventing innovative last-mile logistics systems 44 1/ The figures speak for themselves but so much still needs to be done 44 2/ Devising a proper urban logistics strategy 46 3/ We recommend developing and combining three priority solutions 47 1/ 5 Mobilizing private investment for sustainable transport infrastructure 49 and innovative mobility services 1/ Key sustainable transport infrastructure funding instruments 51 2/ Funding innovative mobility services 52 3/ Recommendations 55 2 ACTIONABLE LEVERS 2/ 1 Innovative mobility ecosystems 59 1/ Four ecosystems to meet ambitious global CO2 reduction targets 60 2/ Introducing LEZs and ULEZs to promote the development 63 of appropriate infrastructure and vehicles 3/ Ecosystems for developing door to door transport solutions for people, 63 with corresponding web-based applications 4/ Innovative ecosystems for last-mile logistics 69 5/ Mobilizing private investment 71 / 2 The winning technologies of tomorrow 74 2 1/ Developing intelligent transport systems 75 2/ Moving from driving assistance systems towards automated transit systems 78 and autonomous road vehicles 3/ Optimizing multimodal mass transit systems 79 4/ Routinely using low energy and very low emission solutions 80 2/ 3 New economic instruments 86 1/ Introducing effective economic instruments 88 2/ Promoting new mobility business models 91 3/ Recommendations 94 2/ 4 Targeted public policies 98 1/ Developing policies to reduce global CO2 emissions 100 2/ Facilitating the establishment of ULEZs 101 3/ Encouraging and connecting door to door solutions 102 4/ Coordinating the organization of last-mile logistics 104 5/ Encouraging private funding 105 2/ 5 Rolling out the five game changers on a massive scale 107 1/ Reducing local pollution 108 2/ Reducing CO2 emissions 109 3/ The impact on growth and employment 112 4/ Quantifying the combined impact of the game changers 117 As a next step, laying the groundwork for an innovative urban mobility ecosystem 118 Conclusion 120 Acknowledgments 121 Sponsors and participants 122 Launch innovative mobility to drive growth and urban well-being! CHENGDU 2014 GLOBAL SUMMIT Michelin Challenge Bibendum Milestones The story of this mobility Green Paper began in 1998 with an intuition of Edouard Michelin and his closest associates. They foresaw at the time that the future of transportation would be increasingly shaped by technical, industrial and service cooperation between key players. Michelin Challenge Bibendum, gathering together vehicle manufacturers, equipment makers and energy suppliers from the world over around the challenge of energy transition and city/vehicle reconciliation, gave concrete form to this vision. Ever since, biennial meetings have highlighted the innovations to promote. Prototypes have demonstrated that tomorrow’s mobility will be multi-technological and in harmony with the environment, even as the need to tailor innovations to new societal expectations and the new emerging markets is becoming ever more urgent. To this end, a «Think Tank» was set up, leading to a series of publications on the issue of «safer», «cleaner» and «connected» mobility. The 10th Michelin Challenge Bibendum in Rio de Janeiro (2010) marked a turning point when Brazilian President Lula, in his introductory address called for the mobility of tomorrow to also be «affordable» and «accessible». In Berlin the following year, ever-growing numbers of participating companies and public and international institutions realized that simply «thinking tomorrow’s mobility» no longer suffi ced and that fi eld experiments were needed to prepare for the global roll-out of the most signifi cant innovations. To address this, it was essential to work with different entities, including private companies, public authorities, startups, international organizations, academia, and so on. The «Think and Do Tank» was born and its scope broadened to multimodal mobility. The primary benefi t of this system is the integration of new mobility players to the Michelin Challenge Bibendum’s global Community of Interest so as to share a common vision and enable concerted action on product and service innovations. That was the goal of the fi rst Green Paper presented at Chengdu, China in November 2014. Its unveiling marked a new era of co-innovation bringing together new mobility players such as telecom operators, internet communities, information and communication technologies and startups developing new business models. Chengdu also marked the increased presence of international bodies and players from the fi nancial and academic sectors. The fi rst version of the Green Paper has sparked so many constructive comments and criticisms that we wanted to take them into account. Hence this new version - called the Urban Mobility Green Paper / Chengdu 2014 - with its sharp focus on a shared vision of sustainable mobility developments as well as priority actions embodied by our fi ve «Game Changers». Extremely positive international reaction to this collective publication on primarly urban mobility now encourages us to widen our scope of investigation to include long distance multimodal transport. This will form the subject matter of a forthcoming publication in which all our readers are invited to participate actively! http://michelinchallengebibendum.com contact : [email protected] @MichelinCB Michelin Challenge Bibendum 9 Daring and innovating together to rediscover the pleasure of mobility. The mobility of people and goods brings freedom, growth and access to education, health, jobs and friendship. In short, life! Safe, clean, connected, accessible and affordable: this is how we describe the modern mobility that the new generations in a rapidly changing world are calling for, a world which we strive to make more open and confident. That is the goal of this Green Paper. It points the way to new forms of mobility, reconciling its global expansion with humankind’s evolving and deepest needs. Let’ approach these innovations with conviction! And let’s place our trust in the vibrancy of a market driven by society’s true priorities! This document calls for concerted and resolute action. It is the fruit of collective intelligence and seeks to combine audacity and common sense to support the growth of tomorrow’s mobility in the service of economic and human development. Several hundreds of renowned experts from the private and public spheres have debated this issue from all angles and agreed on its compelling relevance. Pollution, congestion, worsening climate change and so on, are not inevitable. On the contrary, modern transport solutions and digital technologies are the springboards for building a new mobility economy and greater pleasure - individually as well as collectively - out of everyday life. Yes, it is doable! Let’s get this message across. Much education is to be done and we must be up to the task. At stake is humankind and its future, so let’s get to work. Dr. Patrick Oliva Michelin Challenge Bibendum Chairman 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SYNTHÈSE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Daring to transform transportation for the good of everyone Today, demand for mobility is growing around All of this means that working together to build the world. People expect safer, easier, healthier new mobility models is a valid objective. and more pleasant solutions. These demands Based on its international expertise and wide-ranging are especially strong in cities, where demographic experience, the Michelin Challenge Bibendum pressure is causing the main economic, social community recommends that this process focus and environmental challenges of the future to on five game changers. To deliver the desired converge. innovation and improved quality of life outcomes, These trends concern every mobility stakeholder. these priorities should be acted on together. This means that we have to: Health has become a top priority, with a focus on reducing stress, noise, pollution and accidents. Set ambitious global CO2 emissions reduction objectives for all anthropogenic activities over The issue of greenhouse gases