MMXVI-MMXVII CORVUS The Journal of the Carleton University Classics Society Published by the Carleton University Classics Society President: Sheri Kapahnke Treasurer: Shamus McCoy Coordinator: Oonagh Burns Executive-At-Large: Petra Hohenstein Volume 7 2016-2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORS ................................................................................................... i CONTRIBUTORS .................................................................................. iii A MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT ................................................ v THE ACROPOLIS .................................................................................... 1 THE WINDS OF CHANGE ................................................................... 11 THE GAZE OF SIVAKAMASUNDARI ............................................... 29 MAGIC IN THE HEBREW BIBLE ....................................................... 30 NEAR EASTERN CYLINDER SEALS ................................................ 41 THE DAUGHTERS OF PARNASSUS ................................................. 66 LYCURGUS OF ATHENS .................................................................... 67 RESTAGING THE GAMES .................................................................. 85 CONSEQUENCES OF THE PEACE OF NICIAS ................................ 97 THE BULL AND THE BELL .............................................................. 120 THE MANIFESTATION OF IMPERIAL IDEOLOGIES ................... 121 A TECHNOLOGICAL SURVEY OF ANALOGUE COMPUTERS .. 140 EDITORS Martha Cassidy is a fourth year Greek and Roman Studies student, with a double minor in Archaeology and Anthropology. She has been involved in the society since 2014 and this her second year as a member of the Editorial team, moving from co-Editor to Editor-in-Chief this year. She has worked at the archaeological site of Gabii and is on the Board of Directors for the Ottawa chapter of the Archaeological Institute of America (AIA). She is also a member of the AIA Fellowship Selection Committee. Upon completion of her undergraduate degree, Martha will be entering her Masters in Anthropology and Digital Humanities, focusing on cultural heritage, refugee and women’s rights, and international law. Martha hopes to continue her studies, with a goal of completing a PhD in the same field. Jon Organ is a 4th year Greek and Roman Studies student pursuing a minor in archaeology whose areas of interest include ancient technology, material culture, cookery and languages; Jon hopes to some day explore the depths of space as a xenoarchaeologist. Lyn Wattam is a 4th year student finishing up his undergraduate degree in Greek and Roman studies with a minor in Religion. His particular area of interest is religious thought and practice within the ancient world, particularly the Roman Republic and Empire leading into and beyond the emergence of Christianity. Lyn hopes to use his degree in the future for the purpose of biblical studies, primarily in the area of the New Testament and early Christianity. Morgan Windle is in her final year of her undergraduate degree in the Greek and Roman studies program. Being heavily influenced by 3 seasons of archaeological excavation with the University of Liverpool Field School at Penycloddiau Hillfort, she has interest in egalitarian societies in prehistoric Europe, particularly in social and climatic transitional periods including the Early British Iron Age. She has focused the extent of her coursework throughout her degree on understanding the cultural interchange that occurred between Rome and her provinces, namely Britain, and recently completed a Directed Study with Dr. Laura Banducci on changes in agricultural and cultural knowledge in Roman i Britain. Morgan will be attending the University of Sheffield to complete an MSc in Environmental Archaeology and Palaeoeconomy in the fall of 2017, with the intention to subsequently pursue a PhD in archaeobotany. ii CONTRIBUTORS Ally Chapman is a second year Greek and Roman Studies student with a Minor in English. Her interests include Greek religion and how it is portrayed within art and literature. She hopes to pursue a career in teaching to share her passion for ancient history with others. Chris Chase-Onions is a fourth year Greek and Roman Studies major. His interests are primarily in religion and politics in the later Roman Empire, with a focus on how Christianisation effected Roman domestic and foreign policy. Chris plans on furthering his education at graduate school, focusing on the study of the later Roman Empire. Jessica Dobson is a third year student in the Humanities program with a minor in Archaeology. She has been studying Biblical Hebrew, which contributed to the research for this paper. She plans to further her studies in this area, exploring ancient religion through the lense of archaeology, whilst travelling abroad. Colleen Dunn would like to thank the Students, Staff, and Faculty of Greek and Roman Studies, Religion, and Archeology for their ongoing help and support in working towards personal academic goals during these my retirement years. Colleen will be entering her 'fourth' year in a Double Major and Minor this September. University is enlightening and it is all of the College of Humanities whom inspire her to write poetry! Jeff Marschmeyer is a mature student and is in the process of completing an Honours Degree in Greek and Roman Studies. He has worked on a number of Archaeological sites in the Ottawa area and hopes to continue excavating abroad. He would like to take the opportunity to thank George W. M. Harrison, Marianne Goodfellow, John Osborne, Danielle Kinsey, Roland Jeffreys, Roger Blockley, et al. in the GRS Department for their support, encouragement and patience. Andrew Osborne is a fifth year student completing an Honours degree in Greek and Roman studies. His interest include ancient hydraulic technology, Roman satire, and Old Comedy After obtaining his degree he intends on attending Law School in the hopes of working in civil law. iii Kent Peters is a third year undergraduate taking a combined honours in the Bachelor of Humanities and Religion. His interests lie primarily in the western classics and the religions of antiquity. After he completes his degree, he hopes to go on to do graduate studies the religions of the ancient Mediterranean. Nicholas Rose is a fourth year student completing an Honours Degree in History with a Minor in Greek and Roman Studies. His areas of interest are the Spartan army in the Peloponnesian War and the Emperor Constantine. He hopes to continue his studies in Greek and Roman history in the future. Jonathan Roy is a second-year Honours BA student in Classics at Concordia University. His research interests relate heavily to cross- cultural interactions between Greek and Near Eastern cultures, with a special emphasis on the colonization movements of the Greeks in Anatolia in the Archaic period. When he’s not hitting his head because of Greek and Latin homework, he is a TA in the Classics department, Vice- President Internal of the Concordia Classics Student Association, and is the Editor-in-Chief of Hoplon, Concordia’s undergraduate Classics Journal. He hopes to complete an MA in Classics so he can share his love of Ancient History as a teacher with future students. Shaun Sarazin is a third year computer science student with a background in electronics engineering technology. In 2013, he decided to pursue a degree in Computer Science hoping to broaden his skills so he can entertain new challenges within the high-tech sector. His interests include Greek and Roman studies that feature technology and innovation. During the remainder of his degree at Carleton he plans to complement his studies in Computer Science with courses in classical technology, Canadian studies, and History. iv A MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT Welcome to the seventh edition of Corvus! This collection of articles is brought to you by the Carleton University Classics Society, and the writings Carleton University’s brightest. I hope that it will inspire and delight all the minds enamoured by antiquity, as it has done mine for the past four years. Without these inspirations given by Corvus and the Classics Society, I know that I and many of my counterparts would not be on the paths we are on today. I give enormous thanks to Editor-In-Chief Martha Cassidy and her Editorial Board for working day and night to bring this journal to its potential. To all those who contributed their writing to the journal, being able to bring great ideas to fruition is one of the most difficult tasks, I hope you are proud of your work. To Petra Hohenstein, my Executive- At-Large, who has fought beside me for the society since day one. To Shamus McCoy and Oonagh Burns who stepped up to the plate as Treasurer and Social Coordinator of the Society. You two brought intense dedication to your roles from the beginning and I could not wish for a better executive team. Thank you all for your hard work and your friendship. To all the members. Without you this journal would not have been created. Thank you for your devotion, discussion and collaboration, I wish you all the best in your endeavours. The journal would like to thank the College of the Humanities and the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Your advice and contributions are what pushes us forward. Long live Corvus! Sheri Kapahnke CUCS President v THE ACROPOLIS EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SACRED SPACE AND SANCTUARIES ALLY CHAPMAN Abstract: To achieve an understanding of