Distr.: General ECA/FSSD/07/03 November 2007 UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL Original: ENGLISH ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA Follow-up to the implementation of the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD): Regional Review Report AFRICA Table of Contents 1. Introduction........................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background ..........................................................................................................................1 1.2 Scope and organization of the report....................................................................................2 2. Sustainable development governance in Africa ..............................................4 2.1 Sustainable Development Framework .................................................................................4 2.1.1 Concrete actions taken and progress made ..................................................................4 2.1.2 Challenges and constraints...........................................................................................7 2.1.3 Lessons learned and the way forward ..........................................................................8 2.2 Peace and security ................................................................................................................8 2.2.1 Concrete actions and progress made ............................................................................9 2.2.2 Challenges and constraints.........................................................................................10 2.2.3 Lessons learned and the way forward ........................................................................10 2.3 Human rights ......................................................................................................................11 2.3.1 Concrete actions taken and progress made ................................................................11 2.3.2 Challenges and constraints.........................................................................................12 2.3.3 Lessons learned and the way forward ........................................................................13 2.4 Political Governance ..........................................................................................................14 2.4.1 Concrete actions and progress made ..........................................................................14 2.4.2 Challenges and constraints.........................................................................................17 2.4.3 Lessons learned and the way forward ........................................................................17 2.5 Economic and corporate governance and private sector development ..............................18 2.5.1 Concrete actions and progress made ..........................................................................19 2.5.2 Challenges and constraints.........................................................................................20 2.5.3 Lessons learned and the way forward ........................................................................21 2.6 References ..........................................................................................................................21 3. Poverty Eradication and socially sustainable development.....................24 3.1 Income poverty...................................................................................................................24 3.1.1 Concrete actions taken and progress made ................................................................25 3.1.2 Challenges and constraints.........................................................................................27 3.1.3 Lessons learned and the way forward ........................................................................27 3.2 Agriculture for sustainable development ...........................................................................28 3.2.1 Concrete actions taken and progress made ................................................................29 3.2.2 Challenges and constraints.........................................................................................30 3.2.3 Lessons learned and the way forward ........................................................................31 3.3 Gender equality for sustainable development ....................................................................32 3.3.1 Concrete actions taken and progress made ................................................................32 3.3.2 Challenges and constraints.........................................................................................34 3.3.3 Lessons learned and the way forward ........................................................................35 3.4 Education for sustainable development..............................................................................36 3.4.1 Concrete actions taken and progress made ................................................................36 3.4.2 Challenges and constraints.........................................................................................40 3.4.3 Lessons learned and the way forward ........................................................................40 3.5 Health for sustainable development ...................................................................................41 3.5.1 Concrete actions taken and progress made ................................................................42 3.5.2 Challenges and constraints.........................................................................................45 3.5.3 Lessons learned and the way forward ........................................................................45 3.6 Sustainable human settlements in an urbanizing Africa ....................................................46 3.6.1 Concrete actions taken and progress made ................................................................46 3.6.2 Challenges and constraints.........................................................................................47 3.6.2 Lessons learned and the way forward ........................................................................48 3.7 Water supply and sanitation ...............................................................................................48 3.7.1 Concrete actions taken and progress made ................................................................49 3.7.2 Challenges and constraints.........................................................................................51 3.7.3 Lessons learned and the way forward ........................................................................52 3.8 References ..........................................................................................................................52 4. Sustainable Consumption and Production .......................................................58 4.1 Ten-Year Framework of Programmes on SCP ..................................................................58 4.1.1 Concrete actions taken and progress made ................................................................58 4.1.2 Challenges and constraints.........................................................................................60 4.1.3 Lessons learned and the way forward ........................................................................61 4.2 Corporate social responsibility...........................................................................................61 4.2.1 Concrete actions taken and progress made ................................................................62 4.2.2 Challenges and constraints.........................................................................................64 4.2.3 Lessons learned and the way forward ........................................................................64 4.3 Sustainable tourism development.......................................................................................65 4.3.1 Concrete actions taken and progress made ................................................................66 4.3.2 Challenges and constraints.........................................................................................68 4.3.3 Lessons learned and the way forward ........................................................................68 4.4 Sustainable industrial development....................................................................................69 4.4.1 Concrete actions taken and progress made ................................................................70 4.4.2 Challenges and constraints.........................................................................................72 4.4.3 Lessons learned and the way forward ........................................................................72 4.5 Energy for sustainable development ..................................................................................73 4.5.1 Concrete actions taken and progress made ................................................................74 4.5.2 Challenges and constraints.........................................................................................76 4.5.3 Lessons learned and the way forward ........................................................................76 4.6 Chemicals management......................................................................................................77 4.6.1 Concrete actions taken and progress made ................................................................78