Table of Contents Keynote Address...................................................................................................................... iii Science Board Symposium abstracts (S1) .................................................................................1 BIO Topic Session abstracts (S2) ............................................................................................13 BIO Topic Session abstracts (S3) ............................................................................................31 FIS/BIO Topic Session abstracts (S4) .....................................................................................41 MEQ Topic Session abstracts (S5) ..........................................................................................59 MEQ Topic Session abstracts (S6) ..........................................................................................69 POC/MONITOR Topic Session abstracts (S7)........................................................................75 POC Topic Session abstracts (S8) ...........................................................................................95 CCCC Topic Session abstracts (S9) ......................................................................................113 CCCC/MODEL Topic Session abstracts (S10) .....................................................................141 TCODE Electronic Poster Session abstracts (S11)................................................................149 BIO Paper Session abstracts (BIO)........................................................................................157 FIS Paper Session abstracts (FIS)..........................................................................................167 General Poster Session abstracts (GP)...................................................................................189 MIE-AP Workshop and Advisory Panel Meeting (W1)........................................................215 CCCC/REX Workshop abstracts (W2)..................................................................................217 CCCC Workshop abstracts (W3)...........................................................................................227 PICES/CLIVAR Workshop abstracts (W4)...........................................................................233 MEQ Workshop (W5) and HAB Meeting abstracts..............................................................247 MBM-AP Workshop abstracts (W6) .....................................................................................259 Index of Authors ....................................................................................................................265 PICES Acronyms...................................................................................................................279 Abstracts are sorted first by session and then alphabetically by the presenter’s last name. Presenters’ names are in bold and underlined print. The Index of Authors lists all authors, including co-authors, in alphabetical order. Paper numbers and page numbers are also listed in the Index of Authors. Some of abstracts in this collection have not been edited and have been printed in the condition that they were received. i eynote Address K PICES XIII Send out the turtle fleet! Jeffrey J. Polovina Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, 2570 Dole St., Honolulu, 96822-2396, HI, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] In order to describe the oceanic habitats and migratory pathways of large pelagic animals, biological oceanographers are sending out fleets of animals with electronic tags. Since 1997, I have worked with a number of colleagues deploying fleets of pelagic animals including sea turtles, tunas, moonfish, and whale sharks. I will describe some of the insights we have gained from sending out fleets of loggerhead, olive ridley, and leatherback sea turtles in the North Pacific. The turtles we tracked come from a variety of sources including turtles caught in long-line fisheries, turtles captured by research scientists, and turtles released from aquaria. Electronic tags are attached to the turtles to transmit frequent estimates of the turtle’s positions via an Argos satellite. These data together with environmental data from satellite remote sensing are used to describe the oceanic habitat used by these turtles. The results indicate that loggerheads travel across the North Pacific, moving seasonally north and south primarily through the region 28°-40°N, and occupy sea surface temperatures (SST) of 15°-25°C. Their dive depth distribution indicated that they spend 40% of their time at the surface and 90% of their time at depths less than 40 m. Loggerheads are found in association with fronts, eddies, and geotropic currents. Specifically, the Transition Zone Chlorophyll Front (TZCF) and the meanders and eddies in and south of Kuroshio Extension Current (KEC) appear to be important forage and migration habitats for loggerheads. In contrast, olive ridleys were found primarily south of loggerhead habitat in the region 8°-31°N latitude, occupying warmer water of the subtropical gyre with SSTs of 23°-28°C. They have a deeper dive pattern than loggerheads, spending only 20% of their time at the surface and 60% shallower than 40 m. However, the three olive ridleys identified from genetics to be of western Pacific origin spent some time associated with major ocean currents, specifically the southern edge of the KEC, the North Equatorial Current (NEC), and the Equatorial Counter Current (ECC). These habitats were not used by any olive ridleys of eastern Pacific origin suggesting that olive ridleys from different populations may occupy different oceanic habitats. Finally leatherback turtles use a range of habitats including the California Current and the equatorial currents. Like the olive ridleys they forage subsurface with a high proportion of their time-at-depth in the 25-50 m depth range in both the eastern and equatorial Pacific. iii PICES XIII Abstracts Science Board Symposium S1 Beyond the continental slope - complexity and variability in the open North Pacific Ocean Session Convenors: R. Ian Perry (SB), Vladimir I. Radchenko (BIO), Yukimasa Ishida (FIS), John E. Stein (MEQ), Kuh Kim (POC), Igor I. Shevchenko (TCODE), and Harold P. Batchelder and Suam Kim (CCCC) Most of the area of the North Pacific Ocean is in the pelagic realm, beyond the major currents and marginal seas that border the continents. This oceanic region has often been perceived as physically homogeneous and stable with low biological productivity. In reality, it is a spatially and temporally dynamic environment of high complexity. The diversity and structure of open ocean ecosystems are influenced by both horizontal and vertical structure of the ocean’s physical and biological properties and by their seasonal cycles. Sharp contrasts in oceanic bottom topography caused by seamounts and islands add additional structure and complexity. In spite of its relatively low primary productivity, the region supports complex ecosystems with high biodiversity, and is home to many endangered species. Marine resources are important to the peoples of the North Pacific and are fished by fleets from many Pacific Rim nations. This session seeks to improve our understanding of the physical, chemical, and biological structure and dynamics of North Pacific oceanic waters far beyond the continental shelf, with particular emphasis on the subtropical gyre. The symposium will consider how these complex subtropical oceanic ecosystems are structured and maintained, in light of their generally low productivity. It will provide opportunities to compare and contrast these areas with neighbouring regions of higher productivity. How important are small and meso-scale features such as fronts and eddies to the growth, survival, and distribution of upper trophic level species? How do ecosystems in the open ocean respond to changes in vertical and horizontal structure? How have sub-tropical waters been affected by recent global changes? What are the major factors causing changes to open ocean ecosystems, particularly in the sub-tropics? What are the physical and biological links between the subtropical gyre and other regions of the North Pacific? What are the human interactions with these systems? Monday, October 18, 2004 11:30-17:20 11:30-11:50 Niklas Schneider (Invited) The forcing of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (S1-2150) 11:50-12:10 Franklin B. Schwing, Roy Mendelssohn and Steven J. Bograd When did the 1976 regime shift occur? (S1-2096) 12:10-12:30 Howard J. Freeland Argo as an aid to environmental monitoring and assessment - An example from the Gulf of Alaska (S1-1818) 12:30-13:30 Lunch 13:30-13:50 Jinping Zhao, Shujiang Li, Weizheng Qu and Jie Su Long-term climate change in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea (S1-2122) 13:50-14:10 Robert Bidigare, Y. Chao, R. Lukas, R.M. Letelier, S. Christensen and D.M. Karl Temporal variations in phytoplankton community structure and physical forcing at Station ALOHA (22.75ºN, 158ºW) (S1-2185) 14:10-14:30 Michael R. Landry and Cecelia C. Sheridan (Invited) Zooplankton community complexity and temporal variability in the subtropical North Pacific (S1-2049) 14:30-14:50 Michael P. Seki (Invited) Processes and patterns at oceanic “hot spots” in the subtropical North Pacific (S1-2165) 1 14:50-15:10 Coffee break 15:10-15:30 Akihiko Yatsu, Masatoshi Moku, Hiroshi Nishida, Kaori Takagi, Norio Yamashita and Hiroshi Itoh Possible ecological interactions