Cover feature Pascal Quoirin, St. Didier, France Church of the Ascension, New York, New York The Manton Memorial Organ at the Church of the Ascension, New York City, is the fi rst French-built organ ever to be installed in New York City. The 95-stop, 111-rank instrument has been designed to play as large a part of the repertory as possible. The core of the instrument is a classical (baroque) organ of Grand- Orgue, Positif, Récit-Écho, and Pédale, played by a three-manual mechanical action console. A second console—this one with four manuals and electric ac- tion—controls that classical core as well as many other stops intended for sym- phonic and modern repertory. The instrument is situated in the front of the church on two sides of the chan- cel, fl anking the famed 1888 mural “The Ascension” by John LaFarge. Four or- gan façades—two on each side—include elaborate wood carvings of peacocks, inspired by the peacocks in the marble reredos, also from the 1880s. The beauti- ful carvings were the work of Babou Vau- quois, wife of Pascal Quoirin. Unknown to most Americans, Pas- cal Quoirin has spent his career restor- ing and building organs throughout the world. Major restorations include many of the great historic instruments of France, such as the Dom Bédos mas- terpiece at Sainte-Croix in Bordeaux and the Cavaillé-Coll organ in Saint-Cloud, France. Quoirin’s new organs include his recent instrument in the gothic Cathe- The two consoles, with the mechanical action console on the right dral of Evreux, France, and instruments in other European countries, Japan, and gressive adaptation to an original model. Mexico. The Church of the Ascension’s That model transforms and evolves in instrument is his fi rst organ in the Unit- step with the various styles of musical ed States. writing appropriate to each epoch: poly- The new organ is made possible by a phonic, classical, romantic, symphonic, grant from the Manton Foundation to etc. It sometimes even happens that this honor the memory of Sir Edwin and Lady evolution anticipates the imagination of Manton, who were active members of the musicians. That is the case with the in- Church of the Ascension for over 50 years. struments of Cavaillé-Coll in which his The Mantons were avid lovers of music, ideas preceded the compositions, among particularly the music of Olivier Messiaen others, of César Franck. and other French composers. The organ, therefore, is in perpetual The Church of the Ascension is the evolution, and the history of the organ oldest church building on New York City’s of Notre-Dame in Paris is a signifi cant Fifth Avenue and has been known for its example: a Blockwerk from the Middle music program for more than 100 years. Ages was still present in the organ at the The church is the home of the Voices of beginning of the 17th century; it was Ascension Chorus and Orchestra. transformed by Cavaillé-Coll in the 19th Elaborate inaugural events took place century and, in its present state, it was in May and June and included a dedica- completed and adapted to the modern tory Mass, three major organ recitals, techniques of today. All the marks of its two choral concerts, and the debut of the evolution are still present, and the history Ascension Organ Academy. Each concert of the French organ is inscribed there. had capacity crowds, and throughout the Organbuilding, furthermore, is con- inaugural events the exceptional quality tinually subject to foreign infl uences, and range of the instrument were on full such as those of North Germany, Spain, display. When the Quoirin team was pre- Italy, etc. These also modify traditional sented to the audience they received a practices and in each instance the organ fi ve-minute standing ovation. adapts to new musical sensibilities. The This year the organ series begins on experience acquired by organbuilders November 15 with Messiaen’s Medita- at the time of major historic restora- tions on the Mystery of the Holy Trinity tions is, and still remains, absolutely played by Jon Gillock, followed later in necessary to understand and master the the season with recitals by Louis Robil- ensemble of the different aesthetics of liard, Luigi Ferdinando Tagliavini, and organ design. This knowledge also per- a Vierne Marathon with Christopher mits a much more realistic approach in Houlihan. The Ascension Organ Acad- the design of a new organ voluntarily emy will take place in June. For informa- conceived in opposition to actual his- tion, visit <www.voicesofascension.org>. toric solutions. —Dennis Keene Thus, we have explained the directions Organist and Choirmaster from which naturally ensued the general conception of the project: the organ was The organ of the Church of the conceived fi rst of all to be an appropri- Ascension in New York: ate instrument for interpreting modern The musical goal repertoire of the 20th century and that The goal of this organ was defi ned, of contemporary music. But, it is princi- little by little, during the course of con- pally the music of Olivier Messiaen that versations with Dennis Keene, titular or- was the dominating force in the concep- ganist of the new instrument and choir- tion of the whole. master of the Church of the Ascension in The organ for Messiaen’s music, and New York, and Jon Gillock, organist of particularly that of the Église de la Sainte- international renown and, most recently, Pipes of the Grand-Récit Expressif division Trinité in Paris where he was titular or- author of a book providing an analysis of ganist for many years, is an instrument of Olivier Messiaen’s organ works. This refl ection was nourished by sever- tiple combinations of sounds invented by Cavaillé-Coll modifi ed to include several From the beginning, the design of this al visits to carefully listen to a number of Olivier Messiaen on this organ. Adhesion classical ingredients. It is principally this instrument was not to correspond to a instruments (St.-Rémy de Provence, the to this musical goal was immediate and type of organ that inspired the compos- precise stylistic period (neo-classic, neo- Cathedral of Évreux) and in particular to natural for us because it is a process that ers of the epoch “Neo-Classic,” a term symphonic, neo-baroque, etc.), but rather that of the Église de la Sainte-Trinité in is naturally inscribed in the history and considered suspect today because of the it had to lead, in terms of organbuilding, Paris, representing the musical universe evolution of the organ in general. numerous and unfortunate transforma- to a refl ection on the best manner pos- of Olivier Messiaen—Jon Gillock having In effect, we observe that stylistic mu- tions made between the mid-1920s and sible to perform a large body of music. suggested that we listen in detail to mul- tations are made most often by a pro- 1968, sometimes in an irreversible man- 30 THE DIAPASON Nov 2011 pp. 30-32.indd 30 10/13/11 11:24:11 AM Pipes of the Grand-Orgue division The south chancel façade The south aisle façade stops: Bombarde, Trompette, Clairon. coupling the manuals among themselves, The 2ème Trompette (en-chamade) is either electrical or mechanical. the fi rst stop on the foundation chest The pipes are entirely cone tuned in behind the façade. The confi guration is the classic manner. Yet, certain stops the same for the Positif situated above have a tuning scroll: the Gambes and the Grand-Orgue; the four chests have Voix céleste, the Aéolines, the Second the same dimensions. 4′ and, of course, the Second 8′ of the The mechanical action of the keyboards Grand-Orgue. These two stops, the size permanently pulls two sets of pallets, one of which was given by Cavaillé-Coll, are for the foundation stops with pallets lon- very strong, especially in the top, and ger than one foot, the other, shorter, for are voiced with open toes. When one the reed stops. To facilitate the open- plays the registration of all the 8′ stops ing, the fi rst two octaves of each chest coupled together, the Second 8′ adds are equipped with a special assist. The an effect of fullness, powerful, strongly touch is supple and responsive for each keyboard. There are two possibilities for ➤ page 32 The Manton Memorial Organ GRAND-RÉCIT EXPRESSIF Church of the Ascension, New York City 16′ Bourdon* Pascal Quoirin, Saint-Didier, France 8′ Principal* Three-manual mechanical (suspended) 8′ Flûte harmonique* action console 8′ Bourdon* Four-manual electric console (movable) 8′ Gambe* 95 stops, 111 ranks 8′ Voix Céleste* 8′ Aéoline* Pascal Quoirin adjusts the trackers of the mechanical console GRAND-ORGUE 8′ Aéoline Céleste* 16′ Montre 4′ Prestant* ner, to masterpieces of the French patri- which, in general, was not written for di- 16′ Bourdon 4′ Flûte octaviante* ′ 2 ′ mony of historic organs. rect mechanical action. 8 Montre 2⁄3 Nasard harmonique* This concept of the organ, as badly The cases were designed to integrate 8′ Second (large Cavaillé-Coll-style 2′ Octavin* 3 ′ realized as it was, nevertheless inspired as harmoniously as possible with the Montre)* 1⁄5 Tierce harmonique* 8′ Flûte traversière Plein Jeu V* many musicians (including Messiaen), architecture of the site. They are con- 8′ Bourdon Sur Cymbale III* and, in my opinion, it is unthinkable to structed of ash and walnut woods. The 8′ Gambe 16′ Basson* 1 ignore it. The purpose of this type of sculptured decorations are freely in- 5⁄3′ Gros Nasard 8′ Trompette harmonique* instrument, called “neo-classic,” was spired by the Art Nouveau style, an echo 4′ Prestant 4′ Clairon harmonique* to allow one to interpret a large part of of the Tiffany stained-glass windows of 4′ Second (large Cavaillé-Coll-style 8′ Basson Hautbois* the Classical repertoire.