- ,--....,-- - _._c-,-- ," . '_' "i~::'<'-'~" FAER-192 CANADA'S GRAIN H. AN.D.LING AND .TRAN.. Sl?ORTATION SY.ST.EM..•. (F.OREIGi,.;c.,.·.' ..·..·.:" N' AGRICl)LTURAL ECONOMIC REl?T.) /M.A. NORMILE ECONOMIC RESEARCH $'{ I ERVICE, WASHINGTON, ,DC.: INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS DIV • NOV ~3' 49P 1": I 2 5 I.0 . :: 111[12-8 11111 . , ~ W [[[[[3.2 I" == W 13.6 ' . " IJ~~~ ~40~' • ,:~.O . 1111 , . ~'" IIIII kg ·-lllf:25 111111.4 '111111.6' " q" PB84-l54905 Canada~s Grain Handling and Transportation System (U.S.) Economic Research Service, Washington, DC Nov 83 '1$.."" .11" Commertp, 1£1) ,.,Tid ·ullAfc.lnMtioo ~f1r~r~~ IIn.~ '\) , 50272-101 REPORT DOCUMENTATION T1. REPORT NO. 2. PAGE I FAER-192 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Canada's Grain Handling and Transportation System November 1983 . I -'. 7. Author(s) 8. Performlne Oraanlzatlon Rept. No. Marv Ann~ Normile FAER-192 9. Performlfle Organization Name arid Address 10. ProJectITuk/Work Unit No. International Economics Division 1" Economic Research Service U. Contl"llct(C) or Grant(S) No. 110 r U.S. Department of Agriculture (C) Washington, D.C. 20250 I· (G) 12. Sponsorlne Ol";,!anlzatlon Name and Address 13. T!ilM of Report & Period COIIered Ii. , 1"-' 14. , ! ! 15. Supplementary Notes •••• 16. Abstract (limit: 200 words) " lTransportation problems have caused Canada to lose export sales, according to this I;' status report of Canada's grain handling and transportation system, The study examines the causes of this decline and evaluates the system's capacity to handle larger volumes of grains and oilseeds. Recent changes in infrastructure and coordination of grain movement have improved the system's performance. Further improvements in the Canadaian grain handling and transportation system's ability to meet world demand could cut U.S. grain export sales. Capacity will probably be adequate to move 30 million tons of export grain 1n 1985/86. Added investment will ~ be required to ship 36 million tons in 1990/91. ~ . .. , , ".' 1\ 1 i ·1 , 17. Document Analysis a. Descriptors Economic Analysis '..' Grains I, i; b. Idontlf/ers/Op~n·Ended Torms Canada Transportation Prices as of 1/1/83: Oilseeds Paper: .J Grain exports ]'iche: $4.50 Cost codeB ,are: for Paper . c. COSATI Field/Group and AOI for Fiche f (.s-o 18. Availability Statemen~ II, Security Cia.. (ThIs Report) 21. No. of Paees National Technical Information Service Unclassified 48 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161 20. Security Cia.. (ThIs Paae) 22. Prlco Unclassified See box 17 (See ANSI-Z39.IS) See InstructIon. on Rfi...,.. OPTIONA... FORM 272 (4-77) (Formerly NTIs-35) J I Department of Commerce ...:. ,.. PB84-154905 United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research ServiC8 Foreign Agricultural Economic Report Number 192 Mary Anne Normile REPRODUCED BY NAT/ONAl TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE u.s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE SPRINGFiElD, VA. 22161 Sales Information Addil ional corlPS of this report ran [1P purchased from the Superintendent of DOl u­ mpnts. U.S. Covernnwnt Printing Otficf'. Washington. D.C. 20402. A~k for Canada':~ Cr.::in Handling and Transportation Sy~tem IFAER-192!. Writp to the above addre~s for prkp and ordpring instructions. For fastpf servin'. cali thE' CPO ordE'r dE'sk at (2021 783 3238 and l harge> it to your VISA, MasterCard. or CPO DE'posit Account. Bulk discoullts availahle. Foreign ('ustomprs, please add 25 pprn'nt pxtra for post­ agE'. Microfiche mpi(>s i$4.S0 ('aehi can bE' purchased from the Identification Section, ~a­ tional Tpchni<al Information SE'rvice, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfit'ld. VA 22161. Ask for Canada's Crain H,mdling and Transportation System (FAER-192 1• EnclosE' check or monpy ordpr, payable to NTIS. For some information or to place an "rder to he charged to your American Exprpss, VISA, Iv\astprCard, or NTIS DE'posit Ac­ count. call NTIS at (703) 487-4870. The Economic Re~parch Servin' has no copie~ for free mailing. .. ~-" - .......... .,......,.,. ~~- ., .. CANADA'S GRAIN HANDLING AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. Mary Anne Normile. International Economics Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Depart­ ment of Agriculture. FAER-192. Abstract Transportation problems have caused Canada to lose export sales, according to this status report of Canada's grain handling and transportation system. The study exam­ ines the Ii. :jses of this decline and evaluates the system's capacity to handle larger volumes of grains and oilseeds. Recent changes in infrastructure and coordination of grain movement have improved the system's performance. Further improvements in the Canadian grain handling and transportation system's ability to meet world demand could cut U.S. grain export sales. Capacity will probably be adequate to move 30 million tons of ~xport grain in 1985/86. Added investment will be required to ship 36 million tons in 1990/91. Keywords: Canada, transportation, grain, oi/seeds, grain exports. Notes Use of company names in this report is for identification only and does not imply i' endorsement by the u.s. Department of Agriculture. All units of weight cited in this n report are metric. A metric ton is equal to 2,204.6 pounds. All dollar figures refer to Canadian dollars unless otherwise stated. The 1982 Canadian dollar was equal to nl! 0.81 U.S. dollars. The split year (1981/82, for examfJlel refers to the Canadian crop . i :.. j year, August 1 to July 3·' . fJ H Washington, D.C. 20250 November 1983 io.-­ Contents Glossary ............................................................................................................................................. jii Highlights .......................................................................................................................................... v Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 1 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Grain Production Areas............................................................................................................ 1 Delivery System.......................................................................................................................... 2 Transportation and Export Growth ...................................................................................... 4 Government's Role......................................................................................................................... 5 Crow's Nest Pass Rate ............................................................................................................. 5 Feed Freight Assistance............................................................................................................ 7 At and East Subsidy .................................................................................................................. 7 Effects of Freight Rate Programs ........................................................................................... 8 Producers' Role................................................................................................................................ 9 The Elevator Grain Handling System........................................................................................ 10 Primary Elevators ................................................................................................:....................... 10 Inland Terminal Elevators ........................................................................................................ 12 Transfer Elevators ....................................................................................................................... 13 Terminal Elevators...................................................................................................................... 14 Port Operations .......................................................................................................................... 17 Port Utilization a.nd Capacity ................................................................................................. 18 The Rail System...........................".................................................................................................. 20 Main Lines .................................................................................................................................... 20 Branch Lines................................................................................................................................. 22 Railcar Fleet.................................................................................................................................. 23 Future Carrying Capacity......................................................................................................... 25 Coordination of Grain Movements .......................................................................................... 27 Block Shipping System ............................................................................................................. 28 Producer Cars.............................................................................................................................. 28 . ! Prospects for Nonagricultural Bulk Exports............................................................................. 29 Prospects for Eastern Grain Transportation ...........................................................................