1 Editorial From our offices in Colombia, we present an affectionate greeting to our ISSN: 2538-9610 (Online) dear readers, thanking their choice again. This time, the Spanish analyst Medellin Colombia Alfredo Campos tells us about the present terrorist threat in Turkey and how Volume 2 - Issue 37 the government of that country has been proceeding to face such a threat, in the midst of an internal crisis, and complicated geopolitical decisions. A September 15, 2018 very interesting paper on a country currently gravitates between Europe and Asia, and affects their actions and omissions in the Syrian crisis. A step followed, Colombian analyst Haylyn Hernández presents a review of Editor the recent history of the Union of South American Nations - UNASUR, and Douglas Hernandez explains why its current crisis, supporting its argument on regional geopolitical issues, and internal problems several of its members. In the third article in this issue, number 37 of the magazine Triarius, we will Triarius Analysts know more on cross-border crimes between Uruguay and Brazil, the hand Alfredo Campos, Haylyn of Colonel (r) Daniel Martinez. Hernández, Daniel Martinez, Ulises then move to Mexico, to review what the arrival of the left to power, which Kandikó León, Douglas Hernández. can be national and international impact of this unprecedented event in the recent history of that country. Can he AMLO fulfill what he has promised, without yielding to the authoritarian temptation?, how is your relationship This newsletter is a publication of with the strange and controversial President of the United States ?, you can the International Observatory on control the escalation of violence and drug trafficking plaguing his country ? Terrorism and New Threats. It is The fifth article of this compendium, was conducted by the Argentine expert produced fortnightly, in pdf on cybersecurity, Ulises Kandikó León. In it he talks about the Smart Cities, format, and its distribution is free. and the problems that saddled the increased use of technology to streamline modern cities. He cites the cyber attack occurred in the city of Atlanta in the United States, making it clear that the city was not prepared to deal with the incident, was not prepared to recover from the attack, and is not prepared to handle the related information, or to appropriately disseminate. Contact information: This installment ends with an academic simulation referred to provide electronic security facilities. Douglas Hernandez Medellin Colombia Cognize to beat! Mobile: (+57) 321-6435103 [email protected] Douglas Hernandez Editor [email protected] This newsletter has an English version. 2 Triarius 37, Contents: Turkey and the terrorist threat: Turkey at the crossroads, p.4 By Alfredo Campos (Spain) Unasur Implosion: a South American reconfiguration, p.9 By Haylyn Andrea Hernández Fernández (Colombia) Border crimes between Uruguay and Brazil, p.13 Daniel Martínez (Uruguay) The arrival of the left to power in Mexico, p.17 By Haylyn Andrea Hernández Fernández (Colombia) Smart Cities under Cyber attacks, p.21 Ulises Leon Kandiko (Argentina) An Electronic Security Project, p.24 By Douglas Hernández (Colombia) Headlines, staff of the National Border Service We started this project with the idea of becoming a benchmark in terms of security, defense, of Panama, security unit preventing and intelligence, and analysis of terrorism and new threats. In this regard, we are honored that combating trafficking, weapons and explosives. different institutions are using the bulletin Triarius as study material, and some researchers See more at the end of the magazine. are already quoting our articles on their intellectual productions. This, plus the select group of international analysts who support us with their articles for free, and a universe of readers in over 80 countries worldwide, is irrefutable proof that we are achieving. Thank you! Triarius favors freedom of expression, however, the responsibility for what is said in the articles, it is exclusive to their authors. special international analysts that free us have submitted articles for this issue thanks. 3 Turkey and the terrorist threat: Turkey at the crossroads By Alfredo Campos (Spain) Turkey does not have an easy role in the fight against strategic position; straddles Europe and Asia, is a focal terrorism. For instance figures give us an idea of the point and a crossroads of people and goods. Also magnitude of the problem, it closed 2016 with more than because of its proximity to the Arab world and the thirty terrorist actions that killed more than 300 people. troubled Middle East region and the peculiarity of its Moreover, the same year Turkey suffered a violent social composition, a complex web of ethnic, cultural and attempted coup in July that left nearly 300 fatal more religious tendencies. Already in the seventies, Turkey victims, sparking a wave of subsequent repression suffered the action of terrorist groups that championed materialized in the purge of hundreds of thousands of the Armenian cause and the Armenian Secret Army for officials, politicians, academics and journalists from a the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) and the Commandos broad political spectrum throughout the country. To top it of Justice of the Armenian Genocide (CSFA), justifying off, the Turkish economy has entered a depressive spiral his actions as retaliation for the Armenian genocide. of uncertain outcome. The situation is certainly convulsed Following the categorization of terrorism that drew and in the midst of this situation, the Government has David C. Rapoport professor in his book "The Four chosen to take a flight forward and to turn to political Waves of Modern Terrorism", they follow the Workers orientation followed until then, something that affects the Party of Kurdistan (PKK), a group of Marxist-Leninist basic pillars of the Turkish state itself. In this context, the ideology imbued with strong notes Kurdish nationalism, exceptional measures taken following the declaration of with its appearance on the scene in 1978. Finally, Turkey a state of emergency by the Turkish authorities, granting has suffered as much of the world's countries the scourge extraordinary powers to the security officers do not seem of global jihadist terrorism, especially the terrorist to have served to contain the terrorist threat. organization Daesh in recent years, with significant local Turkey has for decades been the target chosen by a branches settled throughout its territory and other groups host of terrorist organizations of diverse sign to carry out acting under the pretext of religion. In this article, I will do their actions. This has been due in part to its privileged a review of the major terrorist organizations operating in 4 Turkey today grouped according to the categories used has claimed the lives of nearly 4,000 people. In the by the Turkish authorities themselves: separatist groups, breakdown of peace talks, played a determining role the radical leftist groups and groups that use religion as an lukewarm response of the Turkish Government before element of struggle. Finally, I will give some hints about the siege of the Kurdish city of Ayn al-Arab (Ayn al-Arab) the direction of the fight against terrorism that has in neighboring Syria and not to allow the voluntary step followed the Turkish state. Kurds in Turkey support their "brothers" in the fight The main armed group operating in Turkey, whose against Daesh, shares have more international impact, is the Workers Within the plethora of organizations related to the Party of Kurdistan (in Kurdish, Partiya Karkerên PKK there are some supporters of continuing the armed Kurdistan, PKK in Turkish Kurdistan İşçi Partisi). Born as struggle against the Turkish state, and among these are a political party after the 1980 military coup led by the Kurdistan Freedom Falcons (in Kurdish, Teyrênbazê General Kenan Evren, the leader and founder Abdullah Azadiya Kurdistan, TAK) unable to establish science true Ocalan sought refuge in neighboring Syria taking if it is a proxy of the parent organization or dissidence advantage of the disagreements that existed between the itself. Among the most recent actions of this group is the two nations. Officially, in 1984 they began an armed car bomb attack committed in January 2017 in the courts struggle against the Turkish state which has caused more of Bayraklı, İzmir. than 45,000 deaths to date. The threat by Turkey to In its challenge to the Turkish state, the PKK has invade Syria led to Öcalan had to leave the latter country used various means, combining guerrilla actions and and begin an international tour until his capture in Kenya tactics of "hit and run" terrorist actions more "classic" as and subsequent imprisonment in 1999. The initial car bombings or suicide attacks. Turkish State maintains ideological positions of this group have evolved into what military operations against the PKK and related is called in the environment of the organization as organizations in southeastern Turkey for decades have "democratic confederalism". It is a full program proposal intensified since 2015. These operations framed in the aims to achieve a confederation of autonomous fight against terrorism, have aroused the concern of the structures that go beyond Turkish borders themselves international community, therefore its intensity and the scattered states where the Kurdish population (Turkey, strong indications that the same have violated human Syria, Iran and Iraq) sits,