June 2010 Proposal for environmental investigation programme for the fixed link across Fehmarnbelt (coast-coast) EIA Scoping Report June 2010 Proposal for environmental investigation programme for the fixed link across Fehmarnbelt (coast-coast) EIA Scoping Report Prepared: Anders Højgård Petersen (Editor) Checked: Susanne Koss Approved: Anders Jensen Femern A/S – June 2010 Illustrations and photos: Femern A/S ISBN 978-87-92416-03-2 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 1.1. Background and framework for the project......................................................... 1 1.2. Introductory remarks to the EIA Scoping Report ................................................ 2 1.2.1. Legal framework of the scoping process .......................................................................... 2 1.2.2. Preparation and implementation of the scoping process – contents of the Scoping Report 3 1.2.3. Previous environmental studies ........................................................................................ 3 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ................................................................ 5 2.1. Route Options ........................................................................................................ 7 2.2. Technical Solutions............................................................................................... 8 2.2.1. Cable-Stayed Bridge ......................................................................................................... 8 2.2.2. Immersed Tunnel Solution .............................................................................................. 11 2.3. Dredging and Reclamation ..................................................................................14 2.3.1. Quantities ........................................................................................................................ 14 2.3.2. Equipment ....................................................................................................................... 14 2.3.3. “Import” of raw materials ................................................................................................. 15 2.4. Demarcation of the area of investigation ............................................................15 2.4.1. Demarcation af the area of investigation on Fehmarn .................................................... 18 2.4.2. Demarcation of the area of investigation on Lolland ....................................................... 19 2.4.3. Demarcation of the main area of investigation in the Fehmarnbelt (Marine area) .......... 20 3. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ................................................................ 21 3.1. Human Beings/Human Health .............................................................................21 3.1.1. Fehmarn .......................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.2. Lolland ............................................................................................................................. 23 3.1.3. Commercial fishery.......................................................................................................... 24 3.1.4. Navigation ....................................................................................................................... 25 3.2. Geology, bathymetry, sediments and coastal morphology ...............................25 3.2.1. Geology ........................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.2. Bathymetry (the marine landscape) ................................................................................ 26 Page i Femern A/S – Scoping Report Final 3.2.3. Sediment Properties ........................................................................................................ 27 3.2.4. Coastal morphology ........................................................................................................ 27 3.3. Marine Water .........................................................................................................28 3.3.1. Hydrography .................................................................................................................... 28 3.3.2. Marine water quality ........................................................................................................ 29 3.4. Marine Fauna and Flora .......................................................................................29 3.4.1. Planktonic fauna and flora ............................................................................................... 29 3.4.2. Marine bottom flora ......................................................................................................... 30 3.4.3. Marine bottom fauna ....................................................................................................... 30 3.4.4. Fish .................................................................................................................................. 31 3.4.5. Marine mammals ............................................................................................................. 32 3.4.6. Bats ................................................................................................................................. 32 3.5. Cultural Heritage at Sea .......................................................................................32 3.6. Material Assets (Sea area) ...................................................................................33 3.7. Soil Conditions (Fehmarn) ...................................................................................33 3.8. Water (Fehmarn) ...................................................................................................34 3.9. Fauna and Flora (Fehmarn) .................................................................................34 3.10. Landscape (Fehmarn) ........................................................................................35 3.11. Climate (Fehmarn) ..............................................................................................35 3.12. Air (Fehmarn) ......................................................................................................36 3.13. Cultural Heritage (Fehmarn) ..............................................................................36 3.14. Material Assets (Fehmarn) .................................................................................36 3.15. Soil Conditions (Lolland) ...................................................................................36 3.16. Water (Lolland) ...................................................................................................37 3.17. Fauna and Flora (Lolland) ..................................................................................37 3.18. Landscape (Lolland) ...........................................................................................38 3.19. Climate (Lolland) ................................................................................................38 3.20. Air (Lolland) ........................................................................................................38 3.21. Cultural Heritage (Lolland) .................................................................................38 Page ii Femern A/S – Scoping Report Final 3.22. Material Assets (Lolland) ...................................................................................39 3.23. Bird Fauna (both sea and land) .........................................................................39 3.24. NATURA 2000 .....................................................................................................41 4. ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURES ................................................................ 42 4.1. Environmental pressures during construction, from physical structures and during operation .....................................................................................................42 4.2. Assessment of Pressures ....................................................................................43 4.2.1. Sediment spill .................................................................................................................. 43 4.2.2. Noise and vibration (land areas) ..................................................................................... 44 4.2.3. Noise (marine areas) ....................................................................................................... 45 4.2.4. Light ................................................................................................................................. 46 4.2.5. Air pollution ...................................................................................................................... 46 5. MITIGATION AND COMPENSATION MEASURES ..................................... 49 6. GENERAL APPROACH OF THE EIA........................................................... 50 6.1. Legislative standards ...........................................................................................52 6.2. Environmental investigations ..............................................................................54 6.3. Spatial resistance analysis and determination of relatively low-conflict corridors (EIA step 1) ....................................................................................................56