Service Provision Governance in the Peri-urban Interface of Metropolitan Areas Research Project AN OVERVIEW OF THE WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SYSTEM AT METROPOLITAN AND PERI-URBAN LEVEL: THE CASE OF CHENNAI DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION Citizens Alliance for Sustainable Living (SUSTAIN) Chennai, India For more information, please contact: Peri-urban Research Project Team Development Planning Unit University College London 9 Endsleigh Gardens London WC1H 0ED United Kingdom Tel. +44 (0)20 76791111 Fax: +44 (0)20 76791112 E-mail project: [email protected] Email paper authors: [email protected] PUI website: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu/pui ãThe Development Planning Unit Disclaimer: This document is an output from a project funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID. DPU Service Provision Governance in the Peri-urban Interface of Metropolitan Areas Table of Contents INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................1 1. OVERVIEW OF THE METROPOLITAN AREA.......................................................2 1.1. Location..........................................................................................................................2 1.2. Population and Area ......................................................................................................2 1.4. Infrastructure..................................................................................................................6 1.4.1. Transport.................................................................................................................................... 6 1.4.2. Water ......................................................................................................................................... 6 1.4.3. Sanitation ................................................................................................................................... 7 1.5. Environmental Profile ....................................................................................................7 1.6. Institutional Profile.......................................................................................................10 1.7. Key Development Trends ............................................................................................11 1.8. Characterisation of Peri-urban (PU) Settlements.......................................................16 2. PROFILE OF PERI URBAN LOCALITY – VALASARAVAKKAM AND KOTTIVAKKAM.........................................................................................................18 2.1 Introduction and Justification......................................................................................18 2.2. Valasaravakkam and Environs....................................................................................18 2.2.1. Demographic Trends ............................................................................................................... 21 2.2.2. Socio-economic Trends ........................................................................................................... 22 2.2.3. Livelihood Patterns .................................................................................................................. 22 2.2.4. Environmental Characteristics ................................................................................................. 23 2.2.5. Land Ownership....................................................................................................................... 24 2.2.6. Financial Status ....................................................................................................................... 24 2.3. Kottivakkam and Environs ..........................................................................................24 2.3.1. Demographic Trends ............................................................................................................... 25 2.3.2. Socio-economic Trends ........................................................................................................... 25 2.3.3. Livelihood Patterns .................................................................................................................. 26 2.3.4. Environmental Characteristics ................................................................................................. 26 2.3.5. Land Ownership....................................................................................................................... 27 2.3.6. Financial Status ....................................................................................................................... 27 2.4. Water related health hazards ......................................................................................27 2.5. Legal and Institutional Framework .............................................................................29 2.5.1. Institutional Framework............................................................................................................ 29 2.5.2. Profiles of Institutions............................................................................................................... 30 2.5.3. Institutions in Case Study Areas.............................................................................................. 34 ii DPU Service Provision Governance in the Peri-urban Interface of Metropolitan Areas 3. CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................34 3.1. Water Resources and Environmental Conditions......................................................34 3.2. Characterisation and Trends of Water Supply and Sanitation..................................37 3.3 Techno Infrastructural Development ...........................................................................39 3.3.1. Water Infrastructure ................................................................................................................. 39 3.3.2. Alternative Water Resources ................................................................................................... 40 3.3.3. Sewerage................................................................................................................................. 41 3.3.4 WSS in the context of Case Study Areas ................................................................................. 43 3.4. Economic and Financial Aspects................................................................................44 3.4.1. Policy Environment .................................................................................................................. 44 3.4.2. Tariff for Water Supply............................................................................................................. 44 3.4.3. Own Users ............................................................................................................................... 46 3.4.4. Packaged Water ...................................................................................................................... 47 3.4.5. Water Supply Project ............................................................................................................... 47 3.4.6. Drainage Project ...................................................................................................................... 47 3.5. Policy Institutional Environment.................................................................................48 3.5.1. Legal Environment................................................................................................................... 48 3.5.2. Regulatory Environment .......................................................................................................... 50 3.5.3. Organisational Environment .................................................................................................... 51 3.6. Socio-political Aspects................................................................................................52 3.6.1. Water Governance................................................................................................................... 52 3.6.2. Socio-economic Values ........................................................................................................... 52 3.7. Social and Political Conflicts ......................................................................................52 4. INSTITUTIONAL MAPPING IN THE PHASES OF THE METROPOLITAN WATER CYCLE.......................................................................................................................53 4.1. Actors in the Water Cycle............................................................................................53 4.2. Extraction .....................................................................................................................54 4.2.1. Metrowater ............................................................................................................................... 54 4.2.2. Tamil Nadu Water and Drainage Board (TWAD) .................................................................... 54 4.2.3. Local Bodies ............................................................................................................................ 54 4.2.4. Water Suppliers ......................................................................................................................