Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01141-0 - Ideas of Power in the Late Middle Ages, 1296–1417 Joseph Canning Index More information Index Accursius, 58, 160 on property, 112 Ad conditorem canonum, 114, 118 Wyclif ’s debt to, 170, 172 Albericus de Rosciate, 143 Augustus, Emperor, 79, 147 Alexander V, Pope, 166, 180 Ausculta fili, 16, 20 Ambulate, 181 Austria, Frederick of, 90, 91 Anagni, 18, 24 authority, 1 Andreas de Isernia, 136 of emperor and pope, 73 Angelus de Ubaldis illegitimate, 102, 139 extreme view on property rights, 142, and jurisdiction, 9 143–4 legitimate, 10,59,63,78,81,94–102,107,132, Antequam essent clerici, 19–20 133, 139, 141, 164, 177, 189, 193, 195–6 attacked libertas ecclesiae, 19 coercion by, 97 Aquinas, Thomas, 17, 42, 49, 51 origins of, 95 conception of state, 155 Avignon, 61, 118, 134, 165 metaphysical and theoretical approach, 4 notion that grace perfects nature, 41, 42 Baldus de Ubaldis, 135 on poverty, 112–13 on city-republics, 147–50, 153–6 weak on individual rights, 122 de iure–de facto argument, 136 Aristotle, 4, 19, 31, 40, 42, 50, 51, 54–5, 57, on Donation of Constantine, 159–63 76, 78, 85, 94, 95, 98, 99, 103, 123, on emperor as feudal vassal of pope, 163–4 125–6, 175, 178, 180, 194 extreme view on property rights, 142–4 Baldus’s use of, 145–6 and Great Schism, 183–4 conception of state, 155 on hierarchy of sovereignty, 148–9 medieval interpretation of political ideas historical sense of, 136–7 of, 3, 5, 8–9, 30, 126 ideas of state, 153–8 rediscovery of political thought of, 3, on kingdoms, 156–7 59, 193 on maiestas, 150 Augustine of Hippo, 31, 32, 39, 55, 67, 69, on non-recognition of superior, 147–8 120, 130, 176 on papal patrimony, 164 on allegory, 69, 130 on relationship between emperor and medieval interpretation of political ideas pope, 163 of, 3–4, 5, 9, 14, 32, 125 on signori, 140–1, 151–3 in fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, on sovereignty, 147–53 175–7, 193–4 of kings, 150–1 on nature and the Fall, 119–21 use of Aristotelian political language, 145 Ockham’s use of political ideas of, use of biological terminology, 145–6 124–6 use of corporation theory, 156–7 212 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01141-0 - Ideas of Power in the Late Middle Ages, 1296–1417 Joseph Canning Index More information Index 213 Bari, 165 and poverty, 27, 106, 115–16, 171–2 Bartolus of Sassoferrato and power, 11–12, 36 on city-republics, 135–6 and property, 36–8, 55–6 de iure–de facto argument, 135–6 as regnum, 39, 46 on jurisdiction in papal patrimony, 158 Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 46, 175 on legitimate and illegitimate power, 139 city-republics, 84–6, 93, 135–6, 140, 153–6 on non-recognition of superior, 147–8 and sovereignty, 149–50 on signori, 140 civitas sibi princeps, 135, 149 use of corporation theory, 153 Clement V, Pope, 18, 49, 61, 179 Basel, Council of, 187–90 and Franciscans, 111 conciliar theory of, 190 Clement VI, Pope, 91, 92 Benedict XII, Pope, 91, 117, 130 Clement VII, Pope, 165, 166, 169 Benedict XIII, Pope, 166, 181, 182, 184 Clericis laicos, 14, 19 Bernard of Clairvaux, 17, 31, 34, 45 Coleman, Janet, 88, 119 biology Colonna family, 111, 166, 179 analogy from, 94–5, 98–9, 145–6 Sciarra, 18, 91 Black, Antony, 90 common good, 46–7, 102, 141 Bodin, Jean, 63, 144, 150 conciliar ideas, 132, 178 Bohemia, 177 and jurisdiction, 178 Bologna, 155 of jurists, 183–7 Bonagratia of Bergamo, 111, 124 and representation, 190 Bonaventure, 109–10 of theologians, 182–3 Boniface VIII, Pope, 29, 30, 38, 47, 60, Condren, Conal, 90 105, 111 consent, 84–6, 189, 196 disputes with Philip IV, 7, 11–18, 49, 59, and power, 95 103, 160, 165, 179 Constance, Council of, 166, 177, 179, Boniface IX, Pope, 166 180, 185 Bourges, 30 conciliar theory of, 181–2 pragmatic sanction of, 196 Constantine, Emperor, 45, 105 Brett, Annabel S., 88 Constantinople, Patriarch of, 188 Bruges, 168 corporation theory, 132, 153–7, 185–6 corpus mysticum, 154 Caesar, Julius, 86, 137 church as, 17 Can Grande della Scala, signore of Verona, council, general, 49 62, 91, 93 authority over pope, 181–2 cardinals, 58, 166, 180, 186 fallibility or infallibility of, 131 Celestine V, Pope, 39, 111 possessed plenitude of power, 182, 184, 188 Charlemagne, Emperor, 58 represented church, 181–3, 188 Charles IV, Emperor, 149, 159 Cremona, 47 Charles de la Marche (King Charles IV of Cum inter nonnullos, 114, 118 France), 91 Cynus de Pistoia, 142 Childeric III, King of the Franks, 54 church d’Ailly, Pierre, 178, 180 carnal and spiritual, 110 conciliar ideas of, 182 defined as spiritual, 104 Dante Alighieri, 60, 130 early argument from experience, 64, 67 myth of, 171 argument from first principles, 64, 66 identified with predestined, 173 claimed originality for Monarchia, 62–3 office–man distinction, 174 on co-operation between emperor and possessed plenitude of power, 182 pope, 73–4 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01141-0 - Ideas of Power in the Late Middle Ages, 1296–1417 Joseph Canning Index More information 214 Index Dante Alighieri (cont.) Edward I, King of England, 14 criticism of jurists, 75 Emperor, Roman, 6, 86–8 dating of Monarchia, 61–2 feudal vassal of pope, 163–4 deductive arguments for monarchy, 66 plenitude of power of, 144 destruction of hierocratic position, 74–5 popular origin of power of, 126–8 on Donation of Constantine, 72 and property, 142–4 emperor as philosopher-ruler, 76–7 right of resistance against pope, 163 force and Roman Empire, 77–8 Empire, Roman on greed, 79 as Catholic Christendom, 145 on happiness, 78–80 conducive to happiness, 78–80 idiosyncratic argument about the founded on force, 55, 58, 77–8, 136 atonement, 67–9 Dante’s counter-argument, 77–8 on interpretation of Scripture, 64–5, 69 France not part of, 58–9 on papal powers of binding and loosing, justification of, 67–9 71 epieikeia, 180 on possible intellect, 66 Estates General, 24, 28, 47, 49 on reductio ad unum argument, 72–3 Etsi de statu, 15, 19 on Scripture as historical proof, 67 Eugenius IV, Pope, 187–8, 190 seal and wax image, 65 Exiit qui seminat, 109, 110, 111, 113 on sun–moon allegory, 69–70 Exivi de paradiso, 111 on twin goals of man, 79 on two-swords analogy, 70 Felix V, Pope, 188, 190 use of history, 64 Ferrara, 187 De perfectione spiritualis vitae, 113 Fidei catholicae fundamento, 111 Decretum, 132, 183 First Vatican Council, 115 Deum time, 16, 24, 28, 47, 49 Fitzralph, Richard, 167 dignity, royal, 156–7 Florence, 60–1, 80, 146, 149, 150, 185 Disputatio inter clericum et militem, 20–3 Council of, 187 difficulty with ratione peccati argument, 23 Flotte, Pierre, 12 ecclesiastical possessions subject to royal Fondi, 165 control, 22 Fourth Lateran Council, 14 temporal and spiritual power separate France, 58, 150 and distinct, 21 Franciscans, 106, 108, 132, 167 Dominicans dispute with papacy over poverty, and naturalness of property, 112 108–16 dominium Spiritual, 111 grace-founded, 31–2, 36–7, 167–78, 191 and heresy, 115 based on misunderstanding of view of property, 112 Augustine, 176–7 Frederick I, Emperor, 7 rejected by Ockham, 132 Frederick II, Emperor, 6, 7, 163, 178 and jurisdiction, 55–6 Frequens, 181, 187 juristic view of, 167 Fronsac, Raymond, 111 origin of, 122–3 dominus mundi, 135 Garnett, George, 84, 88–9, 97 Donation of Constantine, 45, 48–9, 58, 71–2, Gerson, Jean, 178, 180, 181 75, 89, 105, 159–63 conciliar ideas, 182–3 doubts about authenticity of, 159–60 Gewirth, Alan, 83 Donatists, 176 Giacomo da Carrara, 90 dualist interpretation, 13, 14, 125 Giles of Rome (Aegidius Romanus), 29–38, Durant, William, the younger, 179, 183 40, 42, 52, 167 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01141-0 - Ideas of Power in the Late Middle Ages, 1296–1417 Joseph Canning Index More information Index 215 on absolute and regulated power of pope, infallibility 35–6 not claimed by popes in fourteenth on church and property, 37–8 century, 114–15 comparison between De regimine Innocent III, Pope, 69, 71 principum and De ecclesiastica claim to plenitude of power, 11 potestate, 30–1 and ratione peccati, 23 doctrine of dominium, 31 Innocent IV, Pope, 109, 154, 163 extreme hierocratic views, 31 Innocent VII, Pope, 166 on property, 36–7 Investiture Contest, 6, 59, 165, 171 on papal plenitude of power, 32–4 Italy on spiritual and temporal power, division of, 134 34–5 ius commune, 133, 146, 147, 149, 159, 178 on three ages of church, 38 ius gentium, 142, 143, 145, 161 use of two-swords analogy, 34–5 vindication of rights of church, 38 Jacobus Butrigarius, 142 grace, 167–8 Jacobus de Ravannis, 142 gratia gratis data, 167, 178 James of Viterbo, 38–47 gratia gratum faciens, 168, 178 on church as regnum, 39–40 Gratian, 130, 132, 183 on Donation of Constantine, 45–7 Great Schism, 7, 8, 134, 165–7 on pope’s plenitude of power, 43–5 Gregory VII, Pope, 6, 69, 71 use of Aquinas’s notion that grace did not use formula, plenitude of power, perfects nature, 40–2 11 via media, 40 Gregory IX, Pope, 109 view that power of jurisdiction royal, 42–3 Gregory XI, Pope, 165, 168 John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 168 Gregory XII, pope, 166, 180, 181, 184 John of Jandun, 91 Gregory of Catina, 160 John of Paris, 49, 69, 74, 130 Grosseteste, Robert, 3 on Donation of Constantine, 58 Guelphs, Black and White, 60 on dual end of human life, 50–1 on indirect intervention by pope and Haec sancta, 181, 187 emperor, 57–8 Henry II, Emperor, 57 no clear distinction between temporal Henry VII, Emperor, 61,