Overview AAE103 • varieties of AmE • consonants L9 : American English • vowels •stress David Deterding • intonation • words from Spanish Varieties Consonants • there is much variation in America 1. /r/ occurs in all environments in AmE • but it may be possible to describe a 2. more flapping of /t/ in AmE General American accent 3. AmE has dark /l/ before vowels • this is AmE 4. AmE has no /j/ between /t,d,n/ and /u;/ • there is even more variation in Britain. • BrE is here used to refer to RP (SSB) /r/ flapping • BrE only has /r/ before vowels – non-rhotic • in AmE, /t/ is flapped between two vowels • AmE has /r/ wherever it occurs in the when second is instressed spelling – rhotic butter [bV4@r] four /fO;r/ sitting [sI4IN] teacher /ti;tS@r/ work /w3;rk/ 1 dark /l/ /j/ • in BrE: • AmE has no /j/ after /t,d,n/ – clear /l/ before vowels – dark /l/ elsewhere tune /tu;n/ • in AmE: duke /du;k/ – dark /l/ after vowels news /nu;z/ silly [sI5i] feeling [fi;5IN] Vowels /Q/ 1. AmE has no /Q/ • BrE words with /Q/ have /O;/ or /A;/ in AmE 2. AmE has /A;/ where BrE has /&/ in PATH words hot /hA;t/ 3. AmE has no centring diphthongs dog /dO;g/ Vowel in PATH words Centring diphthongs •BrEhas /A;/ •BrEhas /I@/, /e@/, /U@/ • AmE has /&/ • these always occur with 'r' • AmE pronounces the /r/ path /p&T/ class /kl&s/ here /hIr/ laugh /l&f/ chair /tSer/ master /"m&st@r/ poor /pUr/ 2 Stress Intonation • AmE often has secondary stress after • AmE tends to use high rise primary • BrE sometimes uses low rise secondary /"sek@n%deri/ You're /going? temporary /"temp@%reri/ How do these words differ? words from Spanish •car • AmE tends to keep closer to original Spanish • shot pronunciation • Tuesday BrE AmE • past junta "dZVnt@ "hUnt@ • really jaguar "dZ&gjU@ "dZ&gwA;r •thirty • secretary Nicaragua nIk@"r&gjU@ nIk@"rA;gw@ Miscellaneous Readings • some differences just affect one or two • SoE 32 – 38 words: • for AmE features in SgE: TELISROP 68 – 73 either /i;D@r/ leisure /li;Z@r/ missile /mIs@l/ herb /3;rb/ 3.