Chapter 19 Take home quiz 1. On July 4, 1776, the delegates of the Second Continental 7. In France, the First Estate was composed of Congress approved a. the nobility. a. the Declaration of the Rights of the Man and the b. the clergy. Citizen. c. the peasants. b. the Constitution. d. the military. c. the Declaration of Independence. e. the nobility. d. the Olive Branch Petition. e. George Washington as commander of the Continental Army. 8. The most immediate cause of the French Revolution was a. the government's failure to resolve its debts and other 2. The colonists won their war for independence due to economic problems. a. generous military and financial aid from various b. the blocking of attempted reforms by the French European states, especially France. Parlements. b. the collapse of the English colonial system. c. the radical calls of the philosophes for reform. c. apathy of the English military. d. Louis XVI's rejection of the cahiers de doléances. d. flaws in the English mercantile system. e. violent uprisings by the common people who were e. b and c demanding political and economic equality. 3. The defeat of General Cornwallis and his army at 9. The French economy of the eighteenth century was Yorktown in 1781, leading to British abandonment of the a. growing due to an expansion of foreign trade and Revolutionary War, was achieved by industrial production. a. American colonial army and naval forces alone. b. stagnant due to foreign competition in industry and trade. b. a combined American and French army. c. declining rapidly due to overuse of arable land. c. a combined force of American, French, Spanish, and d. based largely on the silk industry. Dutch forces. e. was entirely based upon agricultural production. d. the Virginia Minutemen. e. a combined American and French army supported by a 10. By convening the Estates General in 1789, heavily armed French fleet. a. the government showed its autocratic strength. b. the government indicated the financial well-being of 4. The Constitution of the United States of 1789 France. a. was a revision of the Articles of Confederation. c. the government all but conceded to the sovereignty of b. was seen by European liberals as a utopian document the people in their own taxation. that would never last. d. the government conceded all powers to the people. c. created a republic in which the branches of government e. the government did what it normally did every few provided checks on one another. years, thereby indicating little. d. had no real impact on the French Revolution. e. failed, and was soon replaced by the Articles of 11. The Third Estate was composed of all of the following Confederation. except a. shopkeepers. 5. The American Revolution affected Europeans by b. peasants. a. proving that military force was the final diplomatic authority. c. the unemployed. b. ending colonial expansion around the world. d. skilled craftsmen. c. proving that the new United States was the most e. the clergy. powerful nation. d. proving that the ideas of the Enlightenment could be 12. Compared to the American Revolution, the French realized politically. Revolution was e. proving that the patriotic shedding of vast amounts of a. less violent. blood could bring revolutionary change. b. less radical. c. more influential in Europe as a model of rebellion. 6. A key conduit of "enlightened" American political and d. quickly over. moral ideas back to Europe was formed by e. was entirely a movement of the masses, led by faceless a. returning British prisoners of war. individuals. b. the hundreds of literate and influential French army and navy officers who had fought on the American side 13. By the eighteenth century, the French bourgeoisie and during the Revolutionary War. nobility were c. European nobles returning from expeditions to the new a. growing further apart in social status. American frontier. b. increasingly less distinguishable from each other. d. missionary priests returning from evangelical c. rapidly losing social status to the third estate. campaigns deep in the U.S. back country. d. openly hostile and frequently involved in street battles. e. official proclamations sent to the governments of e. almost completely dominated by the clergy of the First Europe by George Washington. Estate. 14. When the government called for the Estates General to 20. The cahiers de doléances called for meet, a. abolishing the fiscal privileges of the church and nobility. a. it abolished the Third Estate. b. the abolition of the Estates-General. b. it halved the number of representatives from the Third c. the royal execution of all rebels in France. Estate. d. universal voting privileges for all French people. c. it doubled the number of representatives from the e. the beheading of Louis XVI. Second Estate. d. it doubled the number of representatives from the Third 21. The French revolutionary slogan neatly evoking the ideals Estate. of the rebellion was e. it changed nothing. a. "Down with the aristocracy!" b. "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity!" 15. In 1789, the Estates-General was c. "Death to the king and queen!" a. Louis XVI's parliamentary body often consulted by the d. "Kill all priests and burn all churches!" king. e. "The bourgeoisie will triumph!" b. in unanimous agreement that only radical changes could solve France's problems. 22. The controversy over voting by order versus voting by head c. dominated by the first estate composed mostly of urban in the Estates-General saw lawyers. a. the nobles of the robe advocate voting by head. d. unanimously in agreement about the necessity of b. the "lovers of liberty" effectively block voting by head. immediately creation a "National Assembly." c. Abbé Sieyè's call for the expulsion of the Third Estate e. divided over the issue of voting by "orders" or by from the Estates-General. "head." d. the Third Estate joining the Second Estate in abolished the First Estate of the clergy. 16. Sieyès wrote "What is the Third Estate?" to support the e. the Third Estate respond by forming a "National Assembly." political demands of the a. aristocrats. 23. All of the following were accomplished by the b. foreign investors. National/Constituent Assembly except the c. common people. a. Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. d. clergy. b. Civil Constitution of the Clergy. e. king. c. legal defense of seigneurial rights throughout the country. 17. As one measure of the French crown's terrible financial d. reform of French voting procedures. predicament, by 1788 the interest payments on the state e. abolishment of divine right monarchy. debt alone amounted to a. one-fifth of total government spending. 24. The King's fortress in Paris, which a mob stormed on July b. one-quarter of total government spending. 14, 1789, touching off a wave of riots throughout France, c. one-third of total government spending. was d. one-half of all government spending. a. Chartres. e. two-thirds of all government spending. b. St. Denis. c. the Bastille. 18. Just prior to the Revolution in France, the number of the d. the Louvre. poor in France e. the Tuileries. a. actually declined. b. went up significantly. 25. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen c. increased very slowly. guaranteed d. remained fairly constant. a. free or affordable food for the poor. e. a and d b. equality under the law for all French men. c. equality under the law for all French men and women. d. nothing. 19. In the summer of 1789, when the "revolution of the e. the right to vote for all French men. lawyers" appeared doomed by imminent royal use of armed force, the Revolution as a whole was saved by 26. Olympe de Gouges a. the betrayal of the monarchy by high clergymen. a. became the first female member of the National b. the defection of key nobles of the sword to the rebels. Assembly. c. the intervention of armed commoners, especially in b. attempted to kill Marie Antoinette after the queen said, urban uprisings. "Let them eat cake." d. the outside influence of mercenary troops paid by the c. wrote The Declaration of the Rights of the Woman and rebels. the Citizen. e. the intervention of Britain, whose constitutional d. was the ghost author of the Declaration of the Rights of monarch seemed threatened by upheaval in France. the Man and the Citizen. e. was the mistress to Robespierre. 27. In regard to the Catholic Church, the National Assembly 34. The French Republic's army in the 1790s a. left the institution alone. a. received little backing from the home front. b. increased its power slightly in France. b. was small, but effective in battle. c. passed legislation that secularized church offices and c. fueled modern nationalism and was raised through total clergymen. mobilization of the population. d. abolished the faith in France. d. was totally defeated by foreign aristocratic forces. e. recognized the Catholic Church as France's only legal e. got weaker and smaller as the decade went by. religion. 35. During the Reign of Terror, the majority of the victims 28. In the French Constitution of 1791, who had the right to were vote? a. nobles. a. all men. b. clergy. b. all men and wealthy women. c. middle class. c. male citizens who met a tax qualification d. peasant and laboring classes. d. male citizens with noble titles e. the bourgeoisie. e. all adults 36. In regard to religion, the National Convention 29. What group emerged as the most important radical element a. took measures to strengthen the Roman Catholic in French politics, at the beginning of the French Church.