WORLD HERITAGE 2002 shared legacy, common responsibility Disclaimer The authors are responsible for the choice and presentation of the facts contained in this publication and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do no commit the Organization. The designation employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delineation of its frontiers or boundaries. Published in 2003 by World Heritage Centre United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 7, place de Fontenoy 75352 Paris 07 SP (France) tel: (33) 01 45 68 15 71 fax: (33) 01 45 68 55 70 E-mail: [email protected] http://whc.unesco.org Design : C. Andrusin G D.I.V.A. 6 An International Congress organized by UNESCO's World Heritage Centre and Regional Bureau for Science in Europe (ROSTE) with the support of the Italian Government on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the World Heritage Convention Cini Foundation Island of San Giorgio Maggiore Venice, Italy 14–16 November 2002 7 To value our heritage in all its dimensions, to care for it as a Preface treasure bequeathed to us by our ancestors, to recognize that it is our duty to transmit it intact to our children, is a sign of wisdom. Koïchiro Matsuura, Indeed, if a nation is aware of the factors that have influenced its Director-General of UNESCO history and shaped its identity, it is better placed to engage with and build peaceful relations with other peoples and to forge its future. But heritage is not only replete with symbolism rich in meaning and significance. It is also an important dimension of development. There are numerous examples in which a new approach to the management of the cultural and natural heritage has promoted economic growth by creating employment opportunities for local populations, whether through crafts, cultural tourism, the emergence of new trades, or through new forms of creativity. The full flowering of heritage will only come about through a collective recognition of its importance and through a wide-scale mobilization based on heritage values. Through the World Heritage PaCt (Partners for Conservation), UNESCO endeavours to encourage, develop and strengthen cooperative efforts with civil society in order to help ensure long-term conservation of heritage and accomplish our mission to safeguard heritage. The Venice Congress was a decisive step towards greater mobilization in favour of heritage protection. I hope it will represent the first of a series of forums whereby the World Heritage community periodically examines the situation of conservation, facilitates exchanges between active partners, promotes the development of key programmes and studies innovative means to support the World Heritage mission. 8 9 10 Table of Contents Keynote Presentations 18 Reports of the Thematic Sessions 60 Reports of the Workshops 132 Annexes 166 11 World Heritage Partners for Conservation Francesco Bandarin Director, UNESCO World Heritage Centre o mark the 30th anniversary of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 November 1972), UNESCO with the support of the Government of Italy, organized an International Congress, from 14 to 16 November 2002, to reflect t on some of the main issues, achievements and challenges of the World Heritage mission. The Congress was one of the key events of the United Nations Year for Cultural Heritage, for which UNESCO had been designated lead agency. Over 600 experts from around the world gathered at the Cini Foundation on the island of San Giorgio in Venice (Italy) to discuss the evolution of the World Heritage Convention and consider its role for the future around 12 thematic sessions. In addition, 400 experts gathered prior to the Congress on 11 and 12 November at nine associated workshops in different Italian cities. Summary reports of these workshops are included in this report. The objectives for the Congress were to discuss the evolution of the Convention over the preceding 30 years and consider its role for the future, with a particular emphasis on reinforcing partnerships between governments and civil society for the long-term conservation of World Heritage. The summary reports of the 12 thematic sessions below provide an overview of the wide range of activities currently underway to promote and protect World Heritage and demonstrate the challenges and potential for further enhancing cooperation with both governmental and non- governmental actors. Ratified to date by 176 States Parties and with 730 cultural and natural sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, the Convention's role as the pre-eminent international legal tool for conservation is well established. In ratifying the Convention, States Parties commit 12 to protect and maintain designated sites on their territory and the Convention to US $12 million per year. This is equivalent to just acknowledge that it is the obligation of the world community to under $16,500 per site. The Convention recognises the need for protect all sites on the list, no matter where they happen to be States Parties, as the principal stakeholders in the conservation of located. world cultural and natural heritage, to work with a range of partners. For this purpose, UNESCO and its World Heritage Centre Ensuring that World Heritage sites sustain the outstanding universal have begun to develop partnership agreements with both value for which they have been designated is an increasingly governmental and non-governmental organizations for the complex challenge. 33 of the 730 World Heritage sites have been conservation of World Heritage sites. Significant new partnerships formally declared as World Heritage in Danger; many others face were announced at the Congress including a UNESCO-United ascertained and potential threats to their long-term integrity and Nations Foundation - Conservation International (CI) tri-partite survival, as participants at the Congress witnessed for themselves on agreement in which CI will match dollar for dollar with UNF for the last morning of the Congress, 16 November, when Venice projects for long-term biodiversity conservation, up to $7.5 million experienced its fifth worst flooding since1900 with the water levels over three years. A similar partnership is under negotiation with reaching 1.44m. World Heritage sites are vulnerable to the effects WWF US. Flora and Fauna International also pledged, at the of urban development, military and civil unrest, exponential associated workshop in Trieste, to co-operate with UNESCO, UNF increases in tourism, deterioration, negative impact of infrastructure and other interested partners to build a Rapid Response Mechanism construction, pollution, the long-term effects of climate change to respond to threats to World Heritage natural sites and generate and, occasionally, wanton destruction. the initial capital needed for a fund that will support the mechanism's operations. It is therefore vital to mobilize resources to consolidate and expand existing levels of technical and administrative expertise and financial It now falls to UNESCO and its World Heritage Centre to further assistance to safeguard the proper management of these develop these existing partnerships and to seek new ones, in order outstanding cultural and natural heritage sites. The level of to fulfil the World Heritage conservation mission. Through the resources currently available to do so is, simply, insufficient. World Heritage Partnerships Initiative, welcomed by the World Heritage Committee and launched on the occasion of the 30th The World Heritage Convention established a World Heritage Fund anniversary of the Convention, UNESCO's World Heritage Centre based on a contribution equal to one percent of the Member States' will seek to work more closely with research institutions, the contribution to UNESCO. Currently totalling about US$4 million per corporate sector, trust funds, foundations and individuals who year, this Fund is largely used to assist States Parties in preserving the express a keen interest in developing long-term international World Heritage sites on their territory. Extra-budgetary support and solidarity for the conservation of World Heritage. contributions, arising principally from Funds-in Trust agreements Building and maintaining a system of international co-operation with individual member states and royalties from publications, add and support requires further efforts, innovation and commitment. around $5.5 million per year. UNESCO covers administrative costs This is the challenge that lies ahead of the international community separately, which brings the total sum available for administering as the Convention enters its fourth decade. Paris, March 2003 I 13 Protecting our heritage is prote our ide 16 ecting dentity Paolo Costa 17 18 Keynote Presentations PAGES 20 > 21 PAGES 34 > 35 PAGES 44 > 45 Marcio Barbosa, Deputy Director- Tamás Fejérdy, Chairperson Giovanni Puglisi, Secretary-General General of UNESCO of the World Heritage Committee of the Italian National Commission for UNESCO PAGES 22 > 23 PAGES 36 > 38 Nicola Bono, Under-Secretary Russell E. Train, Chairman Emeritus, PAGES 48 > 49 for Culture, Italy WWF US Giancarlo Galan, President of the Veneto Region PAGES 24 > 25 PAGES 39 Paolo Costa, Mayor of Venice Countess Setsuko