Delhi Journal of Ophthalomology Current trends in Management of amblyopia Collagen Cross Linking using Riboflavin/UVA treatment for corneal ectasia Wave front guided correction for irregular cornea Refractive lens exchange NPCB Strategies for the (2007-2012) Stem Cells- In ophthalmology and other fields MO AL LO H G T I C H A P D S L O O S OCIET Y DELHI Editor Dr. Rajpal MO AL LO H G T I C Delhi H A P D S L O O Journal of S OCIET Y DELHI Ophthalmology Editorial Board: DJO Advisor : Chief Editor : Prof Rajvardhan Azad Dr. Rajpal Insan Associate Editors: Tanuj Dada, Ajay Aurora, Viney Gupta, International Scientific Coordinator : Ashok Garg Rajesh Sinha, Kirti Singh, Arun Sangal Managing Editors : Rohit Saxena, Subhash Dadeya, M Vanathi, Vishnu Gupta, Punita K Sodhi International Advisory Board: Deputy Editor: Subrata Mandal, Anand Aggarwal, Shibal I Howard Fine (USA) Bhartiya, Rajender Khanna, Nita Gurha, Aditya Insaan, Tushar Mateen Ahmed (USA) Aggarwal, Anuj Mehta Samuel Ibrahim (Japan) Assistant Editors: Rajeev Garg, Bhawna Chawla, Meenakshi Boris Malyugin (Russia) Thakkar, Parijat Chandra, Tinku Bali Razdan, Piyush Kapoor, Mark J. Terry (USA) Sangeeta Abrol, Sarita Beri, Hemali Sharma ,Vandana Dhankar P. Muthusamy (Malaysia) Senior Executive Editor: Lalit Verma, Sudhant Bharti, Namarata Sharma, Amit Khosla, Sanjay Chaudhary, B.P. Guliani, Rishi Mohan, Alkesh Chaudhary, Angshuman Goswam, Rajiv Gupta, Sanjeev Gupta, Rajendra Prasad,. Anita Sethi, Cyrus M. Shroff Contributing Editors: Harinder Sethi, Prashant Naithani, Shashwat Ray, Nikhil Pal, Shalini Mohan, Noopur Gupta, .Sumi Gupta, Sulabh Goel, Rasheena Bansal, Thirumalesh, Rajesh, Siddarth, Sumeet Khanduja, Neha Khanduja, Sourabh Dileep Patwardhan Book Review Editors: Punita K. Sodhi. Abstract Review Editors: Ashu Agarwal, Ritika Sabharwal, Nishant Taneja, Charu Mittal, Sunil Kumar, Rajeev Sudan, Monica Insaan, Neera Agarwal,Vandana Dhankar Section editors: Cornea: Anita Panda, Radhika Tandon, Ritu Arora, Ashok Sharma . Refractive surgery: Mahipal S Sachdev, Rajender Prasad Cataract: Abhay Vasavada, Sanjay Chaudhary, J S Titiyal, Anil Tara Glaucoma: Ramanjit Sihota, Harsh Kumar, Usha Raina, Usha Yadava, Devender Sood, JKS Parihar, JC Das Retina: Atul Kumar, YR Sharma Ocular Trauma: Brig. Vats, Parihar, B B Shukla, DK Mehta , Brig. Boparai, N. Chandra Oculoplasty: Ashok Grover, Sushil Kumar, Mandeep Bajaj, Neelam Pushkar, Archana Sood, Usha Kim Squint and Neuroophthalmolgy: Vimla Menon, Pradeep Sharma, Kamlesh, P.K Pandey, Gopal Das, Achal Srivastava,, J. L. Goyal Uvea and ocular inflammation: SP Garg, Vaishali Gupta, Pradeep Venkatesh ,Virender Sangwan, Rajpal Pediatric Ophthalmology: S. Ghose, S Khokhar, Anju Rastogi Ocular Genetics and Biochemistry. Jasbir Kaur, Rima Dada, Suma Ganesh, Sujata Mohanty Medical Ethics: Madan Mohan, TD Dogra, Rajendra Prashad Ocular Pharamacology: T Velpandian, Alok K Ravi Ocular Microbiology: Geeta Satpathy, Niranjan Nayak Community Ophthalmology: GVS Murthy, P Vashisht, Rajkumar, Monica, R Jose, A.S Rathore, Manoj Kumar Dhingra Ocular Anaesthesia: Ravinder Panday, Renu Sinha MO AL LO H G T I C Delhi H A P D S L O O Journal of S OCIET Y DELHI Ophthalmology Senior Academic Executive Editor Regional Editors: S. Ghose, Chief, R.P. Centre Sarita Beri-Lady Hardinge Medical College Hari Mohan, Mohan Eye Institute Brig D. P. Vats Army hospital (R & R), Delhi Cantt Gopal Das-Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital S.C. Gupta, Medical Director, Zia Chaudhary- Guru Nanak Eye Centre Venu Eye Institute & Research Centre Ruchi Goel- Guru Nanak Eye Centre Harbans Lal, Sir Gangaram Hospital Dr.Barun K.Nayak, Editor I.J.O Rajiv Mohan-Mohan Eye Institute Amod Gupta, PGI Chandigarh Devendra Sood - Glaucoma Imaging Centre Sandeep Saxsena, KGMC Lucknow Neeraj Sanduja-Delhi Retina Centre, Daryaganj Sandeep Mittal, Medical College & Hospital, Meerut B Patnaik Indian Institute of Ophthalmology, New Delhi M.C. Agarwal-Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital Shrikant, BHU Varanasi Yogesh Gupta-Hindu Rao Hospital N. Shroff, Shroff Eye Centre Abhishekh Chandra, BHU B. Ghose, Director Prof. Guru Nanak Eye Centre K.P.S. Malik, HOD, Safdarjung Hospital Prashant Bhushan, BHU P. D'souza, HOD Lady Harding Medical College S.N Jha -Ganga Ram Hospital V.P. Gupta, HOD, Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital Anil Mehta- ESI Hospital, Basai Darapur A.K Khurana, Medical Colllege & Hospital, Rohtak Kamaljeet Singh, Allahabad Santosh Honovar-LV Prasad Ajit Babu-LV Prasad National Advisory Board: H.C. Agarwal-Max Eye Hospital RB Jain, JL Goyal, R K Bhandari, A K Gupta, Harbans Lal, Rishi Mohan, G Mukherjee, PN Nagpal, Ramanjit Sihota, Abhey Anil Tara- Venu Eye Centre Vasavada, Meenakshi Thakkar, Om Prakash, P.K.Sahu, Jolly Dinesh Garg- Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Rohatgi, Upreet Dhaliwal, Gaurav Y. Shah, Amar Agarwal, SPS Ludhiana Grewal, Indu Singh, Daljit Singh, Lingam Gopal, Madan Mohan, P.K. Khosla, V.K. Dada, H.K. Tiwari, N.N. Sood, Sanjiv Malik, S Anuradha Sharma-Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai Natrajan, Amar Agarwal, Vinod Biala General Information: Delhi Journal of Ophthalmology (DJO), once called Visiscan, is brought out by the Delhi Ophthalmological Society. The journal aims at providing a platform to its readers for free exchange of ideas and information in accordance with the rules laid out for such publication. The Editorial team desires at providing the clinicians with well researched, fully referenced up to date information in ophthalmology Contribution Methodology: Delhi Journal of Ophthalmology (DJO) is a quarterly journal. Author/Authors must have made significant contribution in carrying out the work and it should be original. It should be accompanied by a letter of transmittal. The article can be sent by email to the Editor and the hard copy mailed. Articles received will be sent to reviewers whose comments will be e-mailed to the Author(s) within 4-6 weeks. The identity of the authors and the reviewers will not be revealed to each other by the editorial team. The contributors shall be responsible for statements in his /her/their work including the changes made during editing. Detailed instructions to the contributors and for advertisements are included at the end of the journal. Request for reprints or any queries should be addressed to the Editors office by email or post Editorial Process: The DJO has Dr. Rajpal Insan as its Editor who is assisted by a team of renowned ophthalmologists and an illustrious advisory board. The reviewers, who are leaders in their respective fields, form the back bone of the journal by setting standards for the published work Editorial Office: Dr.Rajpal Insan Professor of Ophthalmology Vitreo Retina Unit, Room No. 480, Dr. R.P. Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi - 110 029, Tel. No. +91-11-26588500, 700, 26589900, Extn. 3180, 3188. Fax No. +91-11-26589380, 26588919, e-mail : [email protected], [email protected] Published by: Dr. Rajpal, Editor DJO, on behalf of Delhi Ophthalmological Society, Delhi Printed by: Seagulls, 264 F.I.E. Patparganj, Delhi-92, Tel. 42141055, 22156963, [email protected] Page design by: Dr. Rajpal Insan, Sajan Insan, Sach Kahoon Press Secretarial Assistance: Ghanshyam, Mrs. Anju Vohra, Sunita, Vandana, Ajay Sharam From Darkness to Light MO AL LO H G T I C H A P D S L O O S OCIET Y DELHI Delhi Ophthalmological Society DOS Executive PRESIDENT SECRETARY TREASURER Dr. Lalit Verma, MD Dr. Namrata Sharma Dr. Sanjay Chaudhary Ph.: (O) 41644000 (R) 26263636 Ph.: (O) 26588852, (R) 95120-2572892 Ph.: (O) 23278423, (R) 23275893 (M): 9811299934 (M): 9810856988 (M): 9871411227 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] VICE-PRESIDENT SECRETARIAT JOINT SECRETARY Dr. S. Bharti 2225, 2nd floor, New Building, Dr. Amit Khosla Ph.: (O) 25889900 (R) 25753400 Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Ph.: (O) 26581171,(R) 25721800 (M): 9810060477 Ranjendar Nagar, New Delhi-110060 (M): 9811060501 E-mail: [email protected] Ph.: 91-11-65705229, 62252225 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] EDITOR Website: www.dosonlin.org EX-OFFICER MEMBER Dr. Rajpal LIBRARY OFFICER Dr. Mahipal S. Sachdev Ph.: (O) 26588500 EXTN. 3180 Ph.: (O) 41644000, (R) 26146409 (R) 26193600 (M): 9818598899 Dr. Vinay Garodia (M): 9810046017 E-mail: [email protected] Ph.: (O) 41731777 (M):9811084552 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Harbansh Lal EXECUTIVE MEMBER Ph.: 28741412,(R) 28743988 (M): 98106-49942 Dr. Alkesh Chaudhary Dr. Sanjeev Gupta E-mail:[email protected] Ph.: (O) 29228101,(R) 29228924 Ph.: (O) 65293455,(M): 9810075900 (M): 9810077200 E-Mail: [email protected] Dr. Dinesh Talwar E-Mail: [email protected] Ph.: (O)41644000, (R) 26961109 Dr. Rajendra Prasad (M): 9810302298 Dr. Zia Chaudhary Ph.: (O) 26895259,(M): 9810046823 [email protected] Ph.: (O) 22259613, (M): 9810645168 E-Mail: [email protected] E-Mail:[email protected] DOS REPRESENTIVE TO AIOS Dr.Anita Sethi Dr Angshuman Goswami Ph.: (O) 41644000,(R)26932798 Dr. B.P. Guliani Ph.: (O) 95120-4266642, (R)22619848 (M): 9810199636 Ph.: (O) 26198126, (R) 2143569 (M): 9810093809 E-Mail: [email protected] (M): 9810302294 E-Mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Dr.Cyrus M. Shroff Dr. Rajiv Gupta Ph.: (O) 41633999,(R) 26462449 Dr. Kamlesh Ph.: (O) 22520480, (R) 22622855 (M): 9811204241 Ph.: (O) 23234622, (R) 24648373, (M): 9810243257 E-Mail: [email protected] (M): 9811240575 E-Mail: [email protected] MO AL LO H G T I C Delhi H A P D S L O O Journal of S OCIET Y DELHI Ophthalmology Contents of DJO Editorial 09 Major Review Current trends in Management of amblyopia 11-16 Pradeep Sharma, Shailesh GM Major Review Collgen Cross Linking using Riboflavin/UVA 17-19 treatment for corneal ectasia - an overview Vanathi M, Sanjay Kai, A Panda, S Khokar Major Review Refractive lens exchange : current perspectives 20-26 I Howard Fine, Richard, S. Hoffman, Mark Packer Major Review Wavefront guided correction of the irregular cornea 27-32 Jorge L. Aliò, Robert Montes - Micò Major Review Neuroprotecion - an uprising wave in Glaucoma Management 33-37 Aparna Rao, Viney Gupta, Tanuj Dada, Ramanjit Sihota Minor Review Role of sem cell culture in ocular diseases 38-43 Rajpal, R.V.