Chapter 1: Biology: The Study of Life 1. An experiment is _____. a. a problem that may be solved b. an observation about nature c. a way to prove a fact d. a test of a hypothesis 2. What might be involved in a lab that contained the warnings in Figure 1-7? a. dangerous chemicals b. sharp objects c. dangerous plants d. small animals 3. Technology has allowed humans to produce more food and reduce the chance of starvation by individuals in some countries. How has this advance created additional technological needs? a. All of these. b. The technology has allowed populations to continue to grow, creating the need for additional food. c. The technology caused the false belief that the problem was solved forever. d. The technology caused salts to be deposited in soils. 4. Which of the examples shows a response to a stimulus? a. c. b. d. 5. Living things change during their lives through _____. a. reproduction b. growth and development c. adaptation and organization d. making responses 6. The information gathered from experiments is called _____. a. the data b. the conclusion c. the research d. the hypothesis 7. Which of the adaptations on a dolphin, shown in Figure 1-8 is used for breathing underwater? a. B b. C c. A d. D 8. Which of the pictures in Figure 1-10 shows the most diversity? a. b. c. d. 9. Which of the following results from quantitative analysis of Figure 1-6? a. there are 8 babies b. the babies are cold c. these are the first babies this rabbit has had d. there isn’t enough food 10. Key to the study of biology is learning about the _____. a. chemicals b. all of these c. rocks d. life around us Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology 1. Which organism shown in the pyramid receives the highest percentage of energy from the Sun? a. fox b. grasshoppers c. birds d. grass 2. The organism shown in Figure 2-12 is involved in which type of symbiosis? a. predatorism b. parasitism c. commensalism d. mutualism 3. The organisms growing on the log in Figure 2-8 are ____? a. decomposers b. autotrophs c. producers d. carnivores 4. In the energy pyramid shown in Figure 2-7, which level has the smallest number of organisms? a. birds b. grass c. fox d. grasshoppers 5. What type of cycle is depicted in Figure 2-10? a. phosphorus b. carbon c. water d. nitrogen 6. What type of ecosystem is shown in Figure 2-11? a. acquatic b. population c. abiotic d. terrestrial 7. The group of animals in Figure 2-6 is an example of what? a. community b. biosphere c. ecosystem d. population 8. Where is the biosphere in Figure 2-4? a. core b. Earth’s crust c. mantle d. upper mantle 9. Referring to Figure 2-1, suppose 10 000 units of energy are available at the level of the grasses. What is the total number of energy units lost by the time energy reaches the coyote? a. 90 units b. 9900 units c. 9990 units d. 990 units 10. Identify the abiotic factor labeled in the ecosystem shown in Figure 2-5. a. rock b. tree c. mouse d. butterfly Chapter 3: Communities and Biomes 1. What type of succession is most likely to happen in Figure 3-4? a. primary b. secondary c. climax d. teriary 2. In Figure 3-3, where will you be most likely to find the greatest diversity? a. A b. D c. B d. C 3. What type of species would be most likely found in the area labeled D in Figure 3-7? a. amphibians that need a warm habitat b. plants that require light c. one that requires plenty of oxygen d. decomposers that feed on dead organisms 4. What would be the best time of the year to plant the organism described in Figure 3-6? a. summer b. spring c. fall d. winter 5. If you released a new species of deer into each of the stages shown in Figure 3-5, in which stage would the species be most successful? a. B b. C c. A d. D 6. In Figure 3-3, which section would have a lack of organisms due to an overabundance of resources? a. A b. D c. C d. B 7. In Figure 3-3, which section would account for a lower number of organisms near the bottom of a pond due to a short supply of oxygen and sunlight? a. C b. B c. D d. A 8. You take a sample of species from the area labeled A in Figure 3-7. What would you expect to find? a. great species diversity b. one dominant species of fish c. organisms that need very little oxygen d. almost no life 9. Look at the graph in Figure 3-6. What does this graph tell us about this species of plant? a. they thrive in a lot of sun b. heat is damaging to them c. they need plenty of water d. too much sunlight can hurt them 10. Look at the graph in Figure 3-6. Approximately how many hours of sunlight should these plants receive each day in order to make them grow at their optimum level? a. 4 b. 16 c. 20 d. 12 Chapter 4: Population Biology 1. The giant land tortoises of the Galapagos Islands and sequoias of California have among the longest life spans of any organisms. This indicates that they likely employ a strategy of _____. a. all of these b. early sexual maturity c. slow growth d. rapid reproduction 2. The effect of movement of people between counties has _____ effect on total world population. a. a damaging b. no c. little d. a great 3. A population that grows until it reaches its carrying capacity usually has the shape of an _____. a. I b. S c. J d. M 4. The effect of local population fluctuations in rapidly expanding suburbs may _____ schools, roads, and police and fire services. a. none of these b. stress c. have no effect on d. reduce the need for 5. Organisms that employ a strategy of slow reproduction usually require an environment that _____. a. fluctuates from year to year b. has 24-hour growing periods c. has cold days d. is stable 6. A country that has a stable population is characterized by an age structure that is _____. a. largest among pre-reproductive years b. about the same among all groups c. largest among reproductive years d. largest among post-reproductive years 7. Bacteria employ a(n) _____ reproductive strategy, a characteristic determined by their small size, rapid maturation, and short life span. a. rapid b. unusual c. early d. slow 8. Which of the following problems do immigration and emigration pose for demographers? a. Demographers study growth rates, age structures, and geographic distributions of populations. b. Demographers find it difficult to make predictions about populations. c. Demographers cannot identify the age structure of immigrants. d. Demographers must provide for more city services. 9. For a particular species, the carrying capacity is the maximum number of individual organisms that _____. a. could be supported by any environment over a period of one year b. could be supported by a given environment indefinitely c. the species could reach in a given time period if all the offspring survive and reproduce d. are in their post-reproductive years 10. Density-independent factors are limiting factors whose effects are _____. a. confined to the habitat of the population b. determined by the difference between birthrate and population density c. determined by the degree of competition for resources d. not influenced by population densities Chapter 5: Biological Diversity and Conservation 1. Using the graph in Figure 5-5, extrapolate what would happen to biodiversity on a large island or continent. a. biodiversity would first increase, then decrease b. biodiveristy would increase greatly c. biodiversity would decrease greatly d. biodiversity would remain constant 2. Which country has the fewest species of mammals? a. United States b. Mexico c. Canada 3. The Kimmarie Orchid became extinct in the wild due to _____. a. habitat loss b. overcollection c. habitat degradation d. insects 4. What does the graph in Figure 5-5 tell you? a. the farther from land, the more biodiversity b. the larger the islet, the more biodiversity c. islet size and biodiversity are not related d. biodiversity decreases with islet size 5. Suggest what happened to species E in Figure 5-6. a. it became extinct b. it started eating species A c. it replaced species B in its niche d. it stopped eating species B 6. What happened to species B in the graph shown in Figure 5-6? a. it became carnivorous b. it increased in biodiversity c. it became extinct d. it decreased in population slightly 7. If the communities in Figure 5-4 were put in order of least to most biological diversity, they would be _____. a. ABCD b. BDAC c. CADB d. DBCA 8. What effect did the loss of species B have on species A and D in Figure 5-6? a. it had no effect on the populations of A and D b. it caused the populations of A and D to decrease c. it caused the populations of A and D to increase d. it caused the populations of A and D to become extinct 9. Carnivorous birds that fed on organisms exposed to this chemical produced fragile eggs.