Hilda Pollaczek-Geiringer and her academic sisters in Mathematics and Statistics Prof. Dr. Annette Vogt Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte Boltzmannstr. 22, 14195 Berlin [email protected] Academic sisters in mathematics and statistics 4 female mathematicians and statisticians resp. who were born between 1893 and 1900 who were working on fields like Hilda P.-G. - on statistics, applied mathematics, analysis, and math. statistics she could met 2 of them in Berlin, or learned on one during her first emigration, or met the last one in the USA Academic sisters in mathematics and statistics Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin (Berlin University, 1920s) Female mathematicians in the 20th c. Hilda Pollaczek-Geiringer-von Mises (1893-1973) b. in a family of merchants in Vienna 1917 Prom. Univ. Vienna 1920 at „Jb. ü. die Fortschr. d. M.“ 1921-1933 assistent at the Institute for applied math. at the Univ. Berlin 1927 Habil. applied math. Univ. Bln. courses on probability theory, insurance math. and statistics applied mathematics theory of probability, math. statistics Hilda Pollaczek-Geiringer b. Hilda Geiringer 1922 – marr. to Dr. Felix Pollaczek (1892-1981), 1 daughter Magda Hilda Pollaczek and Hilda Pollaczek-Geiringer (see her publications) from 1944 Hilda von Mises or Hilda Geiringer von Mises (see biogr. (1987)) Female mathematicians in the 20th c. Hilda Pollaczek-Geiringer-von Mises (1893-1973) 1933 displaced („Entzug der venia legendi“) and emigration 1934 Brussel, 1935-1939 Istanbul, from 1939 in the USA, in 1944 Prof. at Wheaton College after the death of Richard von Mises (1953) she edited his books, in 1957, 1958, and in 1964 applied mathematics theory of probability, math. statistics Female Univ. teacher, 2 p, in: „Vossische Zeitung“ Nov. 13, 1931 Female Univ. teacher, 2 p. in: „Vossische Zeitung“, Nov. 13, 1931 WS 1932/33 Hilda Pollaczek-Geiringer (1893-1973) Female Privatdozent in mathematics, chemistry Emmy Noether Hilda Pollaczek Gertrud Kornfeld (1882-1935) (1893-1973) (1891-1955) 1919 Göttingen 1927 Berlin 1928 Berlin Berlin, May 10, 1933 Female statisticians in the 20th century Emma Shadhkan Woytinsky (1893-1968) Emma S. Woytinsky published her autobiography (1965) under the title „Two lives in one“, and this was the first sentence in her book: „My life began on March 14, 1916 - the night when, for the second time, I met Wolik, for whom I had been waiting all my youth.“ statistics, couple in statistics Female statisticians in the 20th century born April 19, 1893 in Witebsk in a Jewish family she received a good education, she spoke German, French, later English why she was in Siberia is still unknown since 1916 together with Wl. S. W. until his death marriage in 1917 1917-1922 in Petrograd, Tbilissi, Rome 1922-1933 in Berlin she translated books from Russian into German, 1922-1928 collaboration in statistics (7 vols.), her book in 1929 Diplomaten-Paß, 1919, IISH Ausweis, Berlin, 1932, IISH Female statisticians in the 20th century in 1933 second emigration 1933-1935 in Paris since 1935 in the USA, mostly in Washington during WW II she was working in the Economic Warfare Board (later the Foreign Economic Admin.), the only female expert 1947-1959 with WSW close collaboration on statistics (3 books) Carte d‘Identité Paris, 1934, IISH the first book, publ. in 1953 (1268 pp.), the second book, publ. in 1955 (907 pp.) the last book, published together in 1959 (102 pp.) Female statisticians in the 20th century after the death (1960) of WSW Emma S. W. took care for his legacy his papers to the Archives - Hoover Institution and IISH Amsterdam (Vojtinskij Papers, 1 m resp. 42 boxes) edited in 1962 „So much alive. The life and work of Wl. S. W.“ she published her autobiography in 1965, she established a Woytinsky Award she died in April 1968 in Washington Woytinsky Lectures are held at the Univ. of Michigan the couple in statistics Emma S. and Wladimir S. Woytinsky Ladislaus von Bortkiewicz (1868-1931) Emma S. Woytinsky (1893-1968) Wladimir S. Woytinsky (1885-1960) Dedication to Emma S. W. (1893-1968) by Wladimir S. Woytinsky (1885-1960) Female mathematicians in the 20th c. Pelageja Jakovlevna Kochina (1899-1999) spec. women courses St. Peterburg study at the Univ. St. Peterburg to 1921 1925 -- Nikolaj J. Kochin (1901-1944) 2 children 1934 Prof., since 1935 AN Moscow 1946 KM, 1958 OM AN SSSR 1958-1970 Novosibirsk, SO AN hydrodynamics, couple in science history of mathematics Moskva: Nauka, 1981 memories, published in 1974 and 1988 Female mathematicians in the 20th c. Mary Lucy Cartwright (1900-1998) b. in a priest family 1919-1923 stud. math. at St. Hugh‘s College, Oxford teacher, in 1928 PhD in Oxford 1930 Fellowship, Girton College Cambridge differential equations theory of functions - „Cartwright theorem“ (th. of analyt. functions) Female mathematicians in the 20th c. Mary Lucy Cartwright (1900-1998) 1936 dir. of studies in math. at Girton College, from 1938 research on Dgl. 1947 Fellow of the Royal Society (first female mathematician) 1948 Dame 1959-1968 Reader Univ. Cambridge 1961-1962 Pres. London Math. Soc. Dgl., theory of functions - „Cartwright theorem“ (th. of analytical functions) Dame Mary Lucy Cartwright Cambridge, Girton College Female statisticians in the 20th century Gertrude Mary Cox (1900-1978) b. in Dayton, Iowa after the high school she was working in the Methodist Church (1918-25), from 1925 to 1929 she studied math.s and statistics at Iowa State College in Ames, B.S. in 1929, Master in 1931 1931-1933 graduate studies in stat. at the Univ. of California, Berkeley 1933-1940 at the Iowa State College, in 1939 assistant prof. of statistics Female statisticians in the 20th century Gertrude Mary Cox (1900-1978) in 1940 prof. of statistics at the North Carolina State Univ. in Rayleigh head of the new dept. of Experimental Statistics, in 1945 director of the Institute of Statistics Univ. of North Carolina 1945-1955 editor of „Biometrics Bulletin“, in 1947 a founder member of the Intern. Biometric Society 1950 with William G. Cochran „Experimental Design“ - major book for many years Cochran, Cox (1950, 1957, 1996) Cochran, Cox (1985), Mexico Female statisticians in the 20th century Gertrude Mary Cox (1900-1978) in 1960 director of statistics at the Research Triangle Institute in Durham in 1965 in retirement, consultant to promote stat. programs in Egypt, Thail. in 1949 - as the first woman - elected into the Intern. Statistical Institute in 1956 President of the American Statistical Association in 1975 member of the National Academy of Science Cochran/Cox (1950, 1957, 1996) - a classic in the design of replicated exp. Academic sisters in mathematics and statistics .