Paradoxical performance: Predictors and mechanisms associated with the yips and choking Item Type Thesis Authors Clarke, Philip; Akehurst, Sally; Sheffield, David Download date 25/09/2021 05:44:44 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10545/621568 UNIVERSITY OF DERBY PARADOXICAL PERFORMANCE: PREDICTORS AND MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE YIPS AND CHOKING Philip Clarke Doctor of Philosophy 2017 i Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................ i Table of Figures .................................................................................................................... vi Table of Tables .................................................................................................................... vii List of Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... viii List of Appendices ................................................................................................................. x Preface................................................................................................................................... xi Dissemination ...................................................................................................................... xii Abstract .............................................................................................................................. xiii Acknowledgments................................................................................................................ xv Introduction and Literature Review ..................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Literature Review............................................................................................................. 5 1.2.1 The Yips .................................................................................................................... 5 1.2.2 Type-I Mechanisms - Focal-Dystonia ...................................................................... 7 1.2.3 Type-II Mechanisms - Choking .............................................................................. 10 1.2.4 The combination of both Focal Dystonia and Choking .......................................... 18 1.2.5 Potential Psychological Predictors .......................................................................... 20 1.3 Current PhD Thesis ........................................................................................................ 29 1.4 PhD aims and objectives ................................................................................................ 32 The Yips in Sport: A Systematic Review .......................................................... 33 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 33 2.2 Method ........................................................................................................................... 35 2.2.1 Sources .................................................................................................................... 35 2.2.2 Procedure ................................................................................................................ 36 2.3 Results ............................................................................................................................ 37 2.3.1 General Findings ..................................................................................................... 37 Identification ........................................................................................................................ 38 Screening.............................................................................................................................. 38 Included................................................................................................................................ 38 Eligibility ............................................................................................................................. 38 2.3.2 Psychological studies .............................................................................................. 42 2.3.3 Physiological Studies .............................................................................................. 47 2.3.4 Neurological Studies ............................................................................................... 53 2.3.5 Performance Studies ............................................................................................... 56 2.4 Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 59 2.4.1 Main findings .......................................................................................................... 59 ii 2.4.2 Definition and aetiology ......................................................................................... 62 2.4.3 Applied Implications ............................................................................................... 65 2.4.4 Future studies .......................................................................................................... 66 2.4.5 Limitations .............................................................................................................. 67 2.4.6 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 67 2.4.7 Post study literature................................................................................................. 68 “From World Class to unable to shoot in three arrows”- An understanding of the personal experience of Target-panic and choking in elite archers ..................................... 71 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 71 3.2 Method ........................................................................................................................... 75 3.2.1 Participants .............................................................................................................. 75 3.2.2. Materials ................................................................................................................ 75 3.2.3. Procedure ............................................................................................................... 76 3.2.4. Data Preparation and Analysis ............................................................................... 76 3.1 Results ............................................................................................................................ 77 3.1.1 Demographic analyses ............................................................................................ 77 3.1.2 Main analyses (Performance themes) ..................................................................... 79 3.1.3 Main Analysis (Target-Panic specific) ................................................................... 97 3.4 Discussion .................................................................................................................... 102 3.4.1 Strengths and Limitations ..................................................................................... 114 3.4.2 Practical Implications............................................................................................ 115 3.4.3 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 116 Personality Antecedents of Paradoxical Performances: The yips and choking 117 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 117 4.1.1 Aims ...................................................................................................................... 122 4.1.2 Hypotheses ............................................................................................................ 123 4.2 Method ......................................................................................................................... 124 4.2.1 Participants ............................................................................................................ 124 4.2.2 Ethics..................................................................................................................... 125 4.2.3 Online Methods ..................................................................................................... 125 4.2.4 Design ................................................................................................................... 125 4.2.5 Measures ............................................................................................................... 125 4.2.6 Procedure .............................................................................................................. 129 4.2.7 Analysis................................................................................................................. 130 4.3. Results ........................................................................................................................