TRANSACTIONS of the DUMFRIESSHIRE AND GALLOWAY NATURAL HISTORY and ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY FOUNDED 20 NOVEMBER 1862 THIRD SERIES VOLUME 88 LXXXVIII Editors: ELAINE KENNEDY FRANCIS TOOLIS JAMES FOSTER ISSN 0141-12 2014 DUMFRIES Published by the Council of the Society Office-Bearers 2013–2014 and Fellows of the Society President Mr L. Murray Vice-Presidents Mrs C. Iglehart, Mr A. Pallister, Mrs P.G. Williams and Mr D. Rose Fellows of the Society Mr A.D. Anderson, Mr J.H.D. Gair, Dr J.B. Wilson, Mr K.H. Dobie, Mrs E. Toolis, Dr D.F. Devereux, Mrs M. Williams and Dr F. Toolis Mr L.J. Masters and Mr R.H. McEwen — appointed under Rule 10 Hon. Secretary Mr J.L. Williams, Merkland, Kirkmahoe, Dumfries DG1 1SY Hon. Membership Secretary Miss H. Barrington, 30 Noblehill Avenue, Dumfries DG1 3HR Hon. Treasurer Mr M. Cook, Gowanfoot, Robertland, Amisfield, Dumfries DG1 3PB Hon. Librarian Mr R. Coleman, 2 Loreburn Park, Dumfries DG1 1LS Hon. Institutional Subscriptions Secretary Mrs A. Weighill Hon. Editors Mrs E. Kennedy, Nether Carruchan, Troqueer, Dumfries DG2 8LY Dr F. Toolis, 25 Dalbeattie Road, Dumfries DG2 7PF Dr J. Foster (Webmaster), 21 Maxwell Street, Dumfries DG2 7AP Hon. Syllabus Conveners Mrs J. Brann, Troston, New Abbey, Dumfries DG2 8EF Miss S. Ratchford, Tadorna, Hollands Farm Road, Caerlaverock, Dumfries DG1 4RS Hon. Curators Mrs J. Turner and Miss S. Ratchford Hon. Outings Organiser Mrs S. Honey Ordinary Members Mr R. Copland, Dr Jeanette Brock, Dr Jeremy Brock, Mr D. Scott, Mr J. McKinnell, Mr A. Gair, Mr D. Dutton CONTENTS Herbarium of Matthew Jamieson by David Hawker ............................................... 1 Historians, Linguists, and Picts by Andrew Breeze ................................................ 7 A Traveller’s End? — A Reconsideration of a Viking-Age Burial at Carronbridge, Dumfriesshire by Shane McLeod ........................................... 13 Cumbric Trev in Kyle, Carrick, Galloway and Dumfriesshire by Alan G. James ............................................................................................... 21 The Historical Geography of Sanquhar by Martin Allen ........................................ 43 The Castles of Dumfries and Galloway Described by MacGibbon and Ross 1887–92: What Has Become of Them Since? by Janet Brennan-Inglis ... 57 Lord Herries and Mary Queen of Scots by A.E. MacRobert .................................. 79 Smuggling in Annandale by Frances Wilkins ......................................................... 85 Duchess Bridge, Langholm: An Early Scottish Cast-Iron Footbridge — Made in England by Aonghus MacKechnie ...................................................... 109 The Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society Library by Pauline Williams ........................................................................................... 117 John Rutherford, Society Member and Photographer in Nithsdale by Morag Williams ............................................................................................. 135 The Fourth Estate in Dumfries and the Coming of the First World War by David Dutton ................................................................................................. 181 Reviews The Iron Age in Galloway: The Friends of the Whithorn Trust 2014 Conference 203 Notice of Publication ............................................................................................... 206 Proceedings .............................................................................................................. 211 EDITORIAL INFORMATION Contributions are invited on the geology, natural history, archaeology and history of South-West Scotland and preference is always given to original work on subjects of local interest. Intending contributors should contact the Editors, giving details of the topic and approximate size of their paper. Much more information about the Transactions, including digitised copies of the entire run from 1862 onwards, with the exception of the most recent five years, is available on the Society’s website,www.dgnhas.org.uk . Each contributor has seen a proof of his or her paper and neither the Editors nor the Society hold themselves responsible for the accuracy of information in it. Contributors are responsible for obtaining permission to use copyright material in their papers and to acknowledge this where relevant. The Hon. Secretary, Mr John L. Williams, Merkland, Kirkmahoe, Dumfries DG1 1SY, Tel: 01387 710274, deals with all matters other than membership and institutional subscriptions which are dealt with by the Hon. Membership Secretary, Mr Stuart McCulloch, The Auld Manse, 28 Main Street, New Abbey, Dumfries DG2 8BY and the Hon. Institutional Subscriptions Secretary, Ms V.E. Weighill, Drungans, New Abbey, Dumfries DG2 8EB respectively. Exchange periodicals should be sent to the Editor, Elaine Kennedy, Nether Carruchan, Troqueer, Dumfries DG2 8LY. Exchange periodicals are deposited with Dumfries Museum and prior contact should be made with museum staff if access is required to consult these. (Telephone 01387 253374). A list of current exchange periodicals appear on page 132 of this volume. Enquiries regarding back numbers of the Transactions should be made to the Hon. Librarian, Mr R. Coleman, 2 Loreburn Park, Dumfries DG1 1LS, Tel: 01387 247297. A list of publications of the Society is given at the end of this volume. Members can assist the Society by handing in volumes that are no longer required. It follows that volumes marked as out of print may be available from time to time. All payments, other than subscriptions, should be made to the Hon. Treasurer, Michael Cook, Gowanfoot, Amisfield, Dumfries DG1 3PB. Payment of membership subscriptions should be made to Mr Stuart McCulloch (see above) who will be pleased to arrange for subscriptions and donations to be treated as Gift Aid. This can increase the income of the Society without, generally, any additional cost to the member. The Society may make small grants for excavation or research. Applications should be made prior to 28 February in each year to the Hon. Secretary. Researchers are also reminded of the Mouswald Trust, founded by our late President, Dr R.C. Reid, which provides grants for work on certain periods. Enquiries and applications for grants to the Mouswald Trust should be made to Primrose and Gordon, Solicitors, 1 Newall Terrace, Dumfries, DG1 1LN. The Society may also be able to assist with applications for funding from other sources. Copyright Requests for permission to reproduce material from the Transactions should be sent to the Editors, as well as to the author, illustrator, photographer or other creator of content. It is permitted to make single copies of articles for research purposes by an individual and for library reserve or short-term loan use. Multiple copies of articles may be made for educational purposes by a non-profit-making institution for use within that institution only. Copies made for all other purposes require the prior consent of DGNHAS and the relevant copyright holders. On-line Publication The Council of the Society has taken the decision to upload files of the Transactions onto its website when five years have elapsed since their publication. This is to alert copyright holders to our intention to make digital versions of their work available on-line. Anyone with concerns about their copyright material being reproduced in this way should contact the Editor. The illustration on the front cover is of the Wamphray cross-slab from the article ‘The Early Church in Dumfriesshire’ by W.G. Collingwood, in Volume 12 (1926) of these Transactions. THE TRUCKELL PRIZE In 2009, the Society established The Truckell Prize, commemorating the late A.E. Truckell and his outstanding contribution to local studies in Dumfries and Galloway.1 The prize was open to undergraduate or postgraduate students from the Crichton Campus, Dumfries for a research paper on a human or natural history topic relating to the geographical area covered by the three former counties of Dumfriesshire, Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire. In its first five years the prize has been awarded on two occasions. The Society has now revised the terms of the prize as follows: • The prize is open to all-comers for a research paper on a human or natural-history topic relating to the geographical area covered by the three former counties of Dumfriesshire, Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire. 1 For further information on his life and achievements see Obituary: Alfred Truckell MBE, MA, FMA, FSA, FSA Scot (1919–2007) in Volume 81 (2007) of these Transactions. • Entries must meet the editorial standard required by these Transactions to qualify. The current Notes for Contributors are available on the Society’s website: www. dgnhas.org.uk. • The winning paper must be made available for publication as an article in these Transactions. • The prize will be awarded annually. Entries may be submitted at any time but the deadline for submission is the first day of October each year. • The prize-winning author(s) will receive £500. For further information and to submit entries, please contact the Chair of the Society’s Research Sub-committee, Dr David Devereux, 6 Woodlands Avenue, Kirkcudbright, DG6 4BP. E-mail: [email protected]. 1 HERBARIUM OF MATTHEW JAMIESON David Hawker1 In 2011, Pauline Williams of Dumfries passed a leather-bound octavo volume of seventy- nine plant specimens, dated between 1880 and 1886, to me. It had passed to her from her husband who had been given