Texas A&M International University A.R. Sanchez, Jr. School of Business Center for the Study of Western Hemispheric Trade In partnership with Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas Facultad de Comercio, Administración y Ciencias Sociales 18th Annual Western Hemispheric Trade Conference The Growing Role of the Americas in the Global Economy Conference Proceedings April 24-25, 2014 Laredo, TX, USA CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF WESTERN HEMISPHERIC TRADE The Center for the Study of Western Hemispheric Trade at Texas A&M International University is a public service institute founded to study globalization with special emphasis on the Western Hemisphere. The Center is a part of the A.R. Sanchez, Jr. School of Business, and it supports the college as well as the entire Texas A&M International University community with its various programs. The Center seeks to increase awareness and knowledge about the Western Hemispheric countries and their economical, political and social interactions. The Center highlights Texas A&M International University and the City of Laredo and promotes education. History Since its inception in 1993, the Center has become a valuable resource for joint research and faculty and student exchanges. The Center is a key location for educational entities, businesses and governments to turn to for up to date and relevant information on the Western Hemisphere. The Center provides a forum for international discussion and debate for representatives from countries in the Western Hemisphere regarding issues that affect trade and other economic relations within the Hemisphere. Through its alliance with educational entities, businesses and governments throughout the Hemisphere, the Center offers practical and targeted lectures imparted by visiting faculty, professionals, society leaders and scholars. Focus The Center's research focuses on subjects that affect Western Hemispheric Trade, including trade agreements, tariffs, customs, regional and national economies, politics, business development, finance, the environment and culture. The Center's publication, The International Trade Journal (ITJ), is now under the auspices of the International Trade Institute and is a refereed interdisciplinary journal published for the enhancement of research in international trade. Its editorial objective is to provide a forum for the scholarly exchange of research findings in, and significant empirical, conceptual, or theoretical contributions to the field. Mission Consistent with the mission of Texas A&M International University and its A. R. Sanchez, Jr. School of Business, the Center for the Study of Western Hemispheric Trade will conduct and promote research on globalization and related topics, with special emphasis on Western Hemisphere, increase awareness and knowledge about the Western Hemispheric countries and their economic, political, cultural and social institutions and development dynamics, and spotlight Texas A&M International University as a key resource of information, research, training and conferences focusing on the Western Hemisphere. CONTENTS Welcome ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1 R. Stephen Sears SESSION I: NORTH AMERICAN INTEGRATION North American Economic Integration: Retrospective and Prospective ................................................... 3 Joseph A. McKinney Untangling the Shrouded Cost of NAFTA: The Immigration Mess ......................................................... 19 Vijay Vemuri and Shahid Siddiqi Naturalization of the Gender Order(s) in Organizations: Contrasting the United States and Mexico ................................................................................................................................................ 20 Leonel Prieto and Homero Aguirre-Milling SESSION II: EVENTOS ECONOMICOS EN NUEVO LAREDO El Emprendimiento: Motivación Empresarial en la Cuidad de Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas .............................................................................................................................................................. 21 Ma. De Jesús Ponce Díaz, Liliana Marlene Arriaga Huerta, and Roberto Arreola Rivera Mercados de Trabajo y Migración en Nuevo Laredo ..................................................................................... 33 Gabriela Ortega Cervantes and Jesús Cerda Cruz Percepción Empresarial de las Tecnologías de la Nube en Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, México: Un Estudio Exploratorio ......................................................................................................................... 34 Ramón Ventura Roque Hernández, Salvador Mota Martínez, Rodolfo González Morales, and Alfredo Garza Cruz SESSION III: COMERCIO E INTEGRACION DE LAS AMERICAS Relanzamiento del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) para Impulsar la Captación Positiva de la Inversión Extranjera Directa en México .............................. 46 José Gerardo Rodríguez Herrera and Fernando Hernández Contreras America Latina Como Oportunidad / Latin America as an Opportunity .......................................... 47 Naui Patoni Comercio que Existe Entre Brasil Y México / Trade Between Brazil and Mexico ........................... 48 Yeseyra Azeneth Mendoza Martínez and Raquel Espinosa Hernández Integración Económica: La Unificación de América, ¿Lejana Realidad o Simple Fantasía? .................................................................................................................................................... 50 Juan José Gómez Martínez and Armando Rene Valle Alemán Análisis del Comercio Bilateral Potencial entre México y Brasil / Analysis of Potentional Bilateral Trade between Mexico and Brazil .................................................................... 51 Sandra Patricia Cantú Coello SESSION IV: MAQUILADORAS Y PEQUEÑAS Y MEDIANAS EMPRESAS Dumping del Calzado en Mexico .............................................................................................................. 52 Brenda Elizabeth Jaimes Figueroa, Sergio Eder Ortega Espinoza, and Ana Mireya Lopez Gonzalez El E-Commerce como Motor de Crecimiento de las Pymes en la Región Noreste de México; Nuevo Laredo ........................................................................................................................... 53 José Enrique Rodríguez Rangel El Cambio Cultural en las Empresas Automotrices: Implementacion de Lean Manufacturing Tools ............................................................................................................................... 54 Esmeralda Roldán Zumarán Ventaja Competitiva para México en el Sector Maquilador .................................................................. 55 David Acosta Nevares, Angélica Iruegas, and Roberto González Ortiz Emprendedores y Pequenas Empresas: Superando Obstaculos para Sobrevivir y Crecer/ Entrepreneurs and Small Business: Overcoming Obstacles to Survive and Grow ..................................................................................................................................... 56 Martha Faviola Gerardo Roblero La Importancia de la Industria Maquiladora en Mexico para el Impulso Competitivo ............................................................................................................................................... 57 Melania Guadalupe Villalobos Gaymard SESSION V: MANEJO DE PERSONAL Y LIDERAZGO I Liderazgo y Eficiencia Como Afecta un Lider el Resultado de su Equipo ......................................... 58 Sandra Guerrero Flores and Juan Felipe Grimaldo Perez Naturaleza e Importancia del Comportamiento Organizacional ......................................................... 59 Yahir Hernández Pimentel and Fernando Hernández Contreras La Ética en los Negocios: Un Enfoque de Administración de Acuerdo a Stakeholder .................... 60 Dania Yolanda Zarate Alcántara El Impacto de la Cultura Organizacional en el Éxito de la Empresa ................................................... 61 Manuel Chapa Barrera SESSION VI: ISSUES IN TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT I Impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on Trade and Development ............................................................................................................................................ 62 Joseph S. Mollick The Challenges of Inequality in Access to Telecommunication Services in Mexico, as a Critical Infrastructure for Social Development ............................................................................ 63 Cristina Casanueva-Reguart and Erik Bacilio Avila Why Do Microenterprises Remain Informal? ......................................................................................... 65 George R.G. Clarke and YoungJun Kim SESSION VII: DEMOCRACY, COMPETITIVENESS AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE Democracy and International Competitiveness of Nations-An Empirical Inquiry ........................... 82 A. N. M. Waheeduzzaman Globalization vs. Triple Bottom Line ....................................................................................................... 83 Mohan Rao A Behavioral Finance Discourse: Bond Spreads and a Reference Point Bias .................................... 84 Armand Picou Changing Casual Relationships Between China and U.S. Stock Markets ............................................ 95 Jim Lee SESSION VIII: REFORMAS ECONOMÍCAS EN MÉXICO Perspectivas de la Economía Mundial y Su Impacto