An Assessment of the Social and Economic Importance Of Menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) (Latrobe, 1802) In Chesapeake Bay Region 2011 JAMES E. KIRKLEY, Principal Investigator and Author Virginia Institute of Marine Science College of William and Mary School of Marine Science Department of Fisheries Gloucester Point, VA 23062 VIMS Marine Resource Report No. 2011-14 An Assessment of the Social and Economic Importance Of Menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) (Latrobe, 1802) In Chesapeake Bay Region 2011 JAMES E KIRKLEY, Principal Investigator and Author Virginia Institute of Marine Science College of William and Mary School of Marine Science Department of Fisheries Gloucester Point, VA 23062 Co-Authors: Todd Hartman, Department of Government & Justice Studies, Appalachian State University Tanga McDaniel, Department of Economics, Appalachian State University Kenneth (Ted) McConnell, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, University of Maryland John Whitehead, Department of Economics, Appalachian State University Contributors: Robert Hicks, Department of Economics, College of William & Mary Edward Houde, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory Douglas Lipton, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, University of Maryland Thomas Murray, Marine Advisory Services, Virginia Institute of Marine Science/ College of William & Mary John Ward, NOAA Fisheries (retired) VIMS Marine Resource Report No. 2011-14 Table of Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................................... i 1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction: The Fishery and Issues .............................................................................1 1.2 Management and Resource Conditions of Menhaden ....................................................3 1.3 Study Background ........................................................................................................4 1.4 Organization of Report .................................................................................................4 2.0 Overview of the Menhaden Resource and Fishery.................................................. 5 2.1 Menhaden: Basic Biological Characteristics ...................................................................5 2.2 Menhaden and the Reduction Fishery: An Historical Perspective ...................................5 2.3 Menhaden and the Atlantic Coastal States .................................................................. 12 2.4 Management and Regulation of the Atlantic Menhaden Fishery .................................. 16 3.0 OMEGA Protein: The Company ............................................................................ 18 3.1 An Overview .............................................................................................................. 18 3.2 OMEGA Protein: Reedville, VA .................................................................................... 18 3.2.1 Reedville Profile .......................................................................................................................... 19 3.2.1.1 Geographic Description ....................................................................................................... 19 3.2.1.2 Importance of Fishing ......................................................................................................... 20 3.2.1.2.1 Historic Fishing ............................................................................................................ 20 3.2.1.2.2 Modern fishing ............................................................................................................ 20 3.2.1.3 Social Interactions ............................................................................................................... 21 3.2.1.4 Demography ........................................................................................................................ 21 3.2.1.4.1 Education ..................................................................................................................... 22 3.2.1.4.2 Employment ................................................................................................................ 22 3.2.1.4.3 Income ......................................................................................................................... 23 3.2.1.4.4 Housing ........................................................................................................................ 23 3.3 OMEGA Protein: 2008 Reduction Activities ................................................................. 23 3.3.1 An Economic Assessment (Impact) Model.................................................................................. 24 3.3.2 The Economic Contribution of OMEGA Reduction Activities...................................................... 24 4.0 Community Descriptions ..................................................................................... 26 4.1 Maryland Coastal Counties ......................................................................................... 26 4.1.2 Eastern Shore .............................................................................................................................. 26 4.1.2.1 Cecil County ........................................................................................................................ 26 4.1.2.1.1 Location ....................................................................................................................... 26 4.1.2.1.2 Transportation ............................................................................................................. 26 4.1.2.1.3 Demography ................................................................................................................ 27 4.1.2.1.4 Education ..................................................................................................................... 28 4.1.2.1.5 Employment ................................................................................................................ 28 TOC | 1 4.1.2.1.6 Income ......................................................................................................................... 29 4.1.2.1.7 Housing ........................................................................................................................ 29 4.1.2.2 Dorchester County .............................................................................................................. 29 4.1.2.2.1 Location ....................................................................................................................... 30 4.1.2.2.2 Transportation ............................................................................................................. 30 4.1.2.2.3 Demography ................................................................................................................ 30 4.1.2.2.4 Education ..................................................................................................................... 31 4.1.2.2.5 Employment ................................................................................................................ 31 4.1.2.2.6 Income ......................................................................................................................... 32 4.1.2.2.6 Housing ........................................................................................................................ 32 4.1.2.3 Kent County ......................................................................................................................... 32 4.1.2.3.1 Location ....................................................................................................................... 33 4.1.2.3.2 Transportation ............................................................................................................. 33 4.1.2.3.3 Demography ................................................................................................................ 33 4.1.2.3.4 Education ..................................................................................................................... 34 4.1.2.3.5 Employment ................................................................................................................ 34 4.1.2.3.6 Income ......................................................................................................................... 34 4.1.2.3.7 Housing ........................................................................................................................ 35 4.1.2.4 Queen Anne’s County ......................................................................................................... 35 4.1.2.4.1 Location ....................................................................................................................... 35 4.1.2.4.2 Transportation ............................................................................................................. 36 4.1.2.4.3 Demography ................................................................................................................ 36 4.1.2.4.4 Education ..................................................................................................................... 36 4.1.2.4.5 Employment ...............................................................................................................