Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations HCNSO Student Work 7-19-2019 Microbial Analysis of Surfactant-Associated Bacteria in the Sea Surface Microlayer and Remote Sensing of Associated Slicks Georgia Parks Nova Southeastern University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Georgia Parks. 2019. Microbial Analysis of Surfactant-Associated Bacteria in the Sea Surface Microlayer and Remote Sensing of Associated Slicks. Master's thesis. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, . (515) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/515. This Thesis is brought to you by the HCNSO Student Work at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thesis of Georgia Parks Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science M.S. Marine Biology Nova Southeastern University Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography July 2019 Approved: Thesis Committee Major Professor: Alexander Soloviev, Ph.D. Committee Member: Joana Figueiredo, Ph.D. Committee Member: Aurelien Tartar, Ph.D. This thesis is available at NSUWorks: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/515 HALMOS COLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCES AND OCEANOGRAPHY Microbial Analysis of Surfactant-Associated Bacteria in the Sea Surface Microlayer and Remote Sensing of Associated Slicks By Georgia Parks Submitted to the Faculty of Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science with a specialty in: Marine Biology Nova Southeastern University Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ 5 List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. 7 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 9 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... 10 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 11 a. Sea Surface Microlayer .................................................................................................................... 11 b. Biosurfactants and Oil in the Sea Surface Microlayer ................................................................. 12 c. Synthetic Aperture Radar ................................................................................................................ 13 d. Sea Surface Microlayer in Coral Reef Areas ................................................................................. 13 e. Sea Surface Microlayer and Diurnal Cycle .................................................................................... 14 2. Statement of Objectives ............................................................................................................ 15 3. HypotHeses ................................................................................................................................ 15 4. Significance of Work ............................................................................................................... 15 5. MetHods .................................................................................................................................... 16 a. Sampling Method .............................................................................................................................. 16 b. Experiment Overview ...................................................................................................................... 17 c. DNA Analysis .................................................................................................................................... 20 i. DNA Extraction ............................................................................................................................................... 20 ii. Next-Generation SequencinG .......................................................................................................................... 20 iii. Statistical Analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 21 6. Results and Discussion ............................................................................................................ 22 a. Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery Results ................................................................................... 23 i. SPLASH ........................................................................................................................................................... 23 ii. Looe Key ......................................................................................................................................................... 24 b. Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery Analysis ................................................................................ 27 i. SPLASH ........................................................................................................................................................... 27 3 ii. Looe Key ......................................................................................................................................................... 27 c. Overall Bacteria Sequencing Results .............................................................................................. 28 i. Illumina MiSeq DNA SequencinG Outputs ..................................................................................................... 28 ii. Beta Diversity ................................................................................................................................................. 31 d. Overall Bacteria Sequencing Analysis ............................................................................................ 33 i. SPLASH ........................................................................................................................................................... 33 ii. Looe Key ......................................................................................................................................................... 33 e. Specific Bacteria Abundance Results .............................................................................................. 34 i. SPLASH ........................................................................................................................................................... 36 ii. Looe Key ......................................................................................................................................................... 47 f. Specific Bacteria Abundance Analysis ............................................................................................ 63 i. SPLASH ........................................................................................................................................................... 64 ii. Looe Key ......................................................................................................................................................... 67 8. Conclusions .............................................................................................................................. 70 9. References ................................................................................................................................ 72 10. Supplementary Material ........................................................................................................ 79 4 List of FiGures Figure 1. Sea surface microlayer structure ................................................................................ 11 Figure 2. SAR signal scattering ................................................................................................ 13 Figure 3. Filter collected from oil slick covered in brown film ................................................ 18 Figure 4. Three different types of oil seen during sample collection ....................................... 18 Figure 5. All locations of sample collection in the Gulf of Mexico during SPLASH ............. 19 Figure 6. All locations of sample collection during the Looe Key experiment ........................ 19 Figure 7. Top-down view of muddy seagrass floor near Lois Key ........................................... 20 Figure 8. Sampling locations A-G from the SPLASH experiment in the Gulf of Mexico ....... 24 Figure 9. RADARSAT-2 SAR image on July 30th, 2018 at 11:14 UTC over Looe Key ......... 25 Figure 10. Polarimetric RADARSAT-2 image from July 30th, 2018 at 11:14 UTC focused on Lois Key area ............................................................................................................................. 25 Figure 11. RADARSAT-2 SAR image on July 31st, 2018 at 23:34 UTC over Looe Key ....... 26 Figure 12. RADARSAT-2 SAR image on August 2nd, 2018 at 11:17