PUNJAB IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT IRRIGATION SECTOR OVERVIEW, CHALLENGES AND INITIATIVES BY Habib Ullah Bodla November 14, 2013 PRESENTATION OUTLINE SECTOR OVERVIEW PROFILE OF IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT CANAL WATER REGULATION WATER SECTOR CHALLENGES IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES / INITIATIVES: . ADDRESSING WATER SHORTAGES . REHABILITATION AND UPGRADATION OF IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURE . WATER MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING SYSTEM . INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS . SMALL DAMS . GROUNDWATER MONITORING / IWRM FUNDAMENTALS WAY FORWARD 2 SECTOR OVERVIEW 3 SECTOR OVERVIEW Pakistan’s Irrigation System is the largest contiguous gravity flow network in the World It serves as a lifeline for irrigated agriculture in Punjab which contributes more than 21% to the National GDP The climate is arid to semi-arid, with annual rainfall of 10 - 15 inches, mainly in the monsoon months (July - September) River flows are highly fluctuating 70% flows occur during 3 monsoon months, flows drop drastically during other months 4 SECTOR OVERVIEW The system was designed for low irrigation intensities (60-70%). As a result of agricultural development over time and groundwater contribution, the irrigation intensities have now almost doubled (120-150%) The water requirements have accordingly increased tremendously and the system capacities are grossly inadequate The reservoir capacity is highly inadequate to balance the river flow fluctuations. Further, the progressive sedimentation has reduced 28% capacity of the existing reservoirs Resultantly serious water shortages are encountered during Kharif sowing and Rabi maturing periods, when the dams are empty 5 SECTOR OVERVIEW Indus Water Treaty (1960) and Water Accord (1991) highlight the two most important milestones in the history of irrigation sector development Groundwater development has contributed significantly towards meeting the enhanced irrigation requirements. Over exploitation of groundwater is however posing serious sustainability concerns in most Fresh Groundwater aquifers Both development and management need to be given equal importance in order to improve irrigation system performance 6 PROFILE OF IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT 7 VISION To provide adequate, equitable and reliable irrigation supplies to the cultivable lands of Punjab aiming at enhanced agricultural productivity and sustainable management of the resources 8 8 FUNCTIONS A. Irrigation and Drainage Construction, maintenance and rehabilitation of i. Barrages ii. Canals iii. Small Dams iv. Drainage System Equitable distribution of canal water Flood control and flood protection Rivers and riverine surveys Storage of water Basic and applied research in irrigation, hydraulics, groundwater and land reclamation Assessment of water rates B. Purchase and maintenance of machinery and stores C. Operation and maintenance of workshops 9D. Service matters SALIENT FEATURES Headworks / Barrages : 13 Main Canals : 25 Length of Main Canals and Branches : 3993 Miles Length of Distributaries and Minors : 19191 Miles Length of Inter River Link Canals : 528 Miles Off-take capacity of Main Canals : 1.2 Lac Cs Off-take Capacity of Link Canals : 1.1 Lac Cs Total Outlets : 58000 G.C.A : 23.35 m.a C.C.A : 20.78 m.a a. Perennial : 12.94 m.a b. Non-Perennial : 7.84 m.a 10 SALIENT FEATURES Overall Designed Annual Intensity : 67 % Actual Intensity : 120-130 % SCARP Tubewells : 1060 Private Tubewells : 1,000,000 Length of Flood Embankments : 1600 Miles Length of Surface Drains : 4800 Miles Small Dams : 56 + 9 11 ORGANOGRAM OF IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT SECRETARY IRRIGATION ADDL SECRETARY ADDL SECRETARY ADDL SECRETARY (BUDGET/OPERATION) (TECHNICAL) (ADMIN) ENGINEERING PMO PMIU PIDA CHIEF SPRU PMU LBDCIP ACADEMY BARRAGES PROJECT CHIEF ENGINEER CHIEF ENGINEER CHIEF ENGINEER CHIEF ENGINEER DIRECTOR P & R ZONE RESEARCH D&F ZONE DEVELOPMENT PISIP CHIEF ENGINEER CHIEF ENGINEER CHIEF ENGINEER CHIEF ENGINEER CHIEF ENGINEER CHIEF ENGINEER MULTAN LAHORE BAHAWALPUR SARGODHA FAISALABAD D.G. KHAN WATER REGULATION 13 INDUS BASIN WATER DISTRIBUTION Main Canal Average Water Accord Command Area Province Systems Uses Share (M. Acres) (No.) (MAF) (MAF) Punjab 25 21.0 54.49 55.94 Sindh 15 12.8 43.04 48.76 KPK 10 0.73 3.09 5.78 Balochistan 2 0.97 2.11 3.87 14 INDUS WATER TREATY- 1960: SALIENT FEATURES All waters of eastern rivers namely Ravi, Beas and Sutlej allocated to India All waters of western rivers namely Indus, Jhelum and Chenab allocated to Pakistan except some specified uses in occupied Kashmir Pakistan to meet the requirements of its eastern river canals from western rivers by constructing suitable replacement works 15 15 PAKISTAN IRRIGATION SYSTEM IMPACT OF INDUS WATERS TREATY In post Treaty period Pakistan / Punjab canals have been grouped in following two Zones for the purpose of receiving river supply. i) Jhelum – Chenab Zone or Mangla Command Canals. ii) Indus Zone or Terbela Command Canals. 16 16 PAKISTAN IRRIGATION NETWORK BELOW RIM STATIONS Canals No. Command Area (M-Acres) Mangla Command Canals Punjab 13 13.0 Tarbela Command Canals KPK 2 0.32 Punjab 12 8.0 Sindh 15 13.2 Balochistan 2 0.82 Total 44 35.4 17 17 18 18 SALIENT FEATURES OF ACCORD 1991 Existing uses of Provinces remain untouched and protected No restrictions on Balochistan to develop Water Resources of Indus Tributaries flowing through its area Provinces are free to utilize their share in any Canal System including Link Canals Need for additional storages on the Indus and other Rivers admitted Need for establishing Indus River System Authority recognized IRSA to have representation from the four Provinces Provinces free to undertake new Projects within their agreed shares 19 19 WATER REGULATION OF PUNJAB CANALS IRSA prepares water availability forecast before each crop season and determines Provincial shares in accordance with the provisions of the Water Apportionment Accord Punjab prepares canal operation program with consultation of Zonal Chief Engineers and Punjab Agriculture Department based on shares determined by IRSA Punjab places indents with IRSA for releases from Mangla and Tarbela Operation of canals is closely monitored daily in the Department and regulation instructions are issued to make necessary adjustment depending on actual river flows and varying canal demands due to meteorological changes 20 WATER SECTOR CHALLENGES 21 WATER SECTOR CHALLENGES: AN OVERVIEW The surface and groundwater of the Indus Basin constitute vital lifeline of Punjab’s agro-based economy Punjab faces major irrigation and drainage challenges with profound social, economic and environmental implications 22 WATER SECTOR CHALLENGES Growing water shortages Progressive deterioration of irrigation infrastructure Lack of transparency and inequities in water distribution Low water and agriculture productivity Over-exploitation of groundwater Increasing environmental hazards Lack of financial sustainability 23 IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES AND INITIATIVES 24 ADDRESSING WATER SHORTAGES 25 ADDRESSING WATER SHORTAGES SHORT TERM MEASURES Strict implementation of notified canal operation plan Effective control over water theft Priority rehabilitation of canal infrastructure LONG TERM MEASURES Construction of new storages Augmenting the inter-river transfer capacity Policy interventions for sustainable cropping patterns and water use regimes Water conservation through lining, precision land leveling, improved agricultural practices, and sprinkler / drip systems Groundwater management initiatives 26 REHABILITATION AND UPGRADATION OF IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURE 27 REHABILITATION AND UPGRADATION OF IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURE A detailed inventory of irrigation infrastructure has been prepared. The replacement value of irrigation assets is estimated to be US $ 20 billion The rehabilitation requirements of Punjab’s irrigation infrastructure have been estimated at US $ 2.4 billion (2005-06 prices) The O&M yardsticks have been updated, which will ensure sustainability of the rehabilitated infrastructure An effective Third Party audit of O&M works has been put in place. The services of Supervisory Consultants for ADP and M&R works have been hired 28 FINANCING WINDOWS NEXT TEN YEARS FINANCING AMOUNT PROJECTS WINDOWS (BILLION RS) LCC (Part B) & PISIP (Punjab Irrigation JICA/JBIC 20 System Improvement Project) Khanki Barrage Reconstruction, ADB 84 LBDC, Thal/Pakpattan/Sidhani canal systems,Balloki, Sulemanki, Trimmu & Panjnad Headworks WORLD BANK 16 Jinnah & Islam Barrages Irrigation System Rehabilitation Project PSDP 40 (Lower Jhelum Canal, Eastern Sadiqia, (ISRP and Lining) Hakara Branch, Punjanad Canal and SMB Link) & Lining of Distributaries / Minors Counterpart Funding and rehabilitation ADP 40 of existing infrastructure TOTAL 200 29 BARRAGES REHABILITATION PROGRAM Sr Name of Financiers / River Project Preparation Current Status # Barrage Donors Project costing Rs 12.678 billion is in World Bank 1 Jinnah Completed progress. Project would be completed by June 2015. Indus The project costing Rs 10.238 billion World Bank 2 Taunsa Completed was completed during the year 2008. JICA Grant Project costing Rs 23.4 billion has 3 Khanki Completed been awarded and project would be ADB completed by June 2016. 4 Trimmu Feasibility study of Detailed design of Trimmu and Trimmu and Panjnad barrages is underway ADB Panjnad barrages is Chenab (Punjab being undertaken Irrigated under the approved Agriculture 5 Panjnad Punjab Irrigated Investment Agriculture Project) Investment Project (PIAIP) 30 BARRAGES REHABILITATION PROGRAM Sr Name of Project Financiers