59 THE DAIRY PRACTICES COUNCIL® GUIDELINES FOR THE PRODUCTION AND REGULATION OF QUALITY DAIRY GOAT MILK Publication: DPC 59 Single Copy: $5.00 April 2006 First Edition July 1994 Second Edition May 2000 Third Edition April 2006 Prepared by SMALL RUMINANTS TASK FORCE Lynn Hinckley, Director Daniel L. Scruton, Lead Author Frank Fillman Lynn Hinckley Chris Hylkema John Porter Sponsored by ® THE DAIRY PRACTICES COUNCIL Jeffery Bloom, President Don Briener, Vice President Terry B. Musson, Executive Vice President APPROVED COPY EXCEPTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL STATE, IF ANY, WILL BE FOUND IN FOOTNOTES Order From: DPC, 51 E. Front Street Suite 2, Keyport, NJ 07735 TEL/FAX: 732-203-1947 http://www.dairypc.org ABSTRACT This guideline deals with milk quality standards as applied to goat milk and is considered an introductory guideline to goat milk production. The Dairy Practices Council has a Task Force dealing specifically with small ruminant issues and more detailed information is available in other DPC Guidelines. This guideline lists the regulatory standards and laboratory methods that have been identified as appropriate by the National Conference on Interstate Milk Shipments (NCIMS). The guideline also deals with production systems and procedures, as well as management practices, essential for producing high quality goat milk. PREFACE Henry Atherton, University of Vermont; Lynn Hinckley, University of Connecticut; and John Porter, University of New Hampshire Extension System wrote the 1st edition of this guideline in 1994. The second was edited by Daniel Scruton, Vermont Department of Agriculture; Lynn Hinckley, University of Connecticut; John Porter, University of New Hampshire Extension System; Henry Atherton, University of Vermont; Frank Fillman, Jackson-Mitchel; Andrew Oliver, Genzyme Transgenics; David Marzliag, Genzyme Transgenics; and Deborah Miller Leach, Vermont Butter and Cheese in 2000. This revision was edited by Daniel Scruton, Vermont Department of Agriculture; Lynn Hinckley, University of Connecticut; John Porter, University of New Hampshire Extension System; Frank Fillman, Jackson-Mitchel; and Chris Hylkema, NY State Department of Agriculture and Markets. Guideline Preparation and Review Process Guideline development within Dairy Practices Council (DPC) is unique and requires several levels of peer review. The first step in the process of guideline development starts with a Task Force subcommittee made up of individuals from industry, regulatory and education interested in and knowledgeable about the subject to be addressed. Drafts, called ‘white copies’, are circulated until all members are satisfied with the text. The final white copy may then be distributed to the entire task force, DPC Executive Board, state and federal regulators, education members, industry members and anyone else the DPC Executive Vice President and the Task Force Director feels would add to the strength of the review. Following final white copy review and correction the next step in the process requires a yellow cover draft that is circulated to the member Regulatory Agency representatives that are referred to as “Key Sanitarians”. The Key Sanitarians may suggest changes and insert footnotes if their state standards and regulations differ from the text. After final review and editing the Guideline is distributed in the distinctive DPC green cover to people worldwide. These guidelines represent the state of the knowledge at the time they are written. DPC is a Registered Trademark of The Dairy Practices Council®. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................3 HISTORY OF GOAT MILK IN THE UNITED STATES.........................................................................................3 REGULATION - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERSTATE MILK SHIPMENTS ................................4 SUMMARY OF ISSUES RESOLVED: .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Somatic Cell Count (SCC) ............................................................................................................................................................... 5 Natural Inhibitors............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 ISSUES STILL TO BE RESOLVED:............................................................................................................................................................ 5 Mastitis.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Other Tests........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Unique Properties ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Brucellosis Testing ........................................................................................................................................................................... 5 QUALITY STANDARDS.................................................................................................................................................6 BACTERIA............................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 PRELIMINARY INCUBATION COUNT (PI) ................................................................................................................................................ 6 SOMATIC CELL COUNT........................................................................................................................................................................... 6 ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUE TEST..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 FLAVOR AND ODOR................................................................................................................................................................................ 7 LACTOSE................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 QUALITY CONTROL.....................................................................................................................................................7 MASTITIS ..........................................................................................................................................................................8 PASTEURIZATION.........................................................................................................................................................8 MILKING SYSTEMS.......................................................................................................................................................9 HAND MILKING ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 MACHINE MILKING WITH A BUCKET MILKER........................................................................................................................................ 9 FIGURE 1. WOOD GOAT MILK STAND FOR HOME PRODUCTION......................................................................................................... 10 PIPELINE MILKING SYSTEM.................................................................................................................................................................. 11 FIGURE 2. SCHEMATIC OF A PIPELINE MILKING SYSTEM .................................................................................................................... 12 FIGURE 3. EXAMPLE OF PROPER ELECTRICAL BONDING OF MILK LINE ................................................................................................. 12 TABLE 2. VACUUM REQUIREMENTS FOR MILKING PIPELINE SYTEMS ................................................................................................ 13 Vacuum Pump Size......................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Vacuum Level ................................................................................................................................................................................. 13 TABLE 3. MINIMUM AIR FLOW (ASME) FOR WASHING..................................................................................................................... 14 TABLE 4. GUIDELINES TO ASSURE STRATIFIED FLOW IN LOOPED MILKLINES ................................................................................... 14 TYPES OF MILKING PARLORS...............................................................................................................................14 HERRINGBONE PARLOR.......................................................................................................................................................................