AB Business Intelligence & Performance Improvement PLACE STATSTICAL BULLETIN 2015/02 ENGLISH INDICES OF DEPRIVATION 2015 Version : Version 2 : 27 October 2015 Source : Department for Communities & Local Government (DCLG) English Indices of Deprivation 2015 Data Tables (released 30 September 2015) https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2015 English Indices of Deprivation 2015 Research Report https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/english-indices-of-deprivation-2015- research-report Contact : Place Information Team, Business Intelligence & Performance Improvement (01604) 364488 [email protected] Definition : The English Indices of Deprivation 2015 contain three main Indices : The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD); The Income Deprivation Affecting Children (IDACI); The Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI) They replace the previous Indices released in 2010. Local Information concerning the 2015 English Indices of deprivation can be found on Analysis : Northamptonshire Analysis at : Data Tables : http://www.northamptonshireanalysis.co.uk/bytheme?themeId=431&themeName=D eprivation&type=DataViews Profiles : http://www.northamptonshireanalysis.co.uk/bytheme?themeId=431&themeName=D eprivation&type=Profiles Resources (Useful Links and Local Analysis) : http://www.northamptonshireanalysis.co.uk/bytheme?themeId=431&themeName=D eprivation&type=Resources OVERVIEW Within the English Indices of Deprivation 2015 : 29 of Northamptonshire’s 422 LSOAs are amongst the 10% most deprived in England. A further 40 fall within Dectile 2. Two LSOAs, Northampton 011A (Riverside Park West, Billing Aquadrome and Bellinge area) and Northampton 021F (Rail Station, St James Retail Park, St Peter’s Way, Drapery, Bus Station) are amongst the 1% most deprived in England. The Education, Skills & Training domain is the most problematic for the county. 57% of Northamptonshire’s LSOAs remained in the same dectile in 2015 as 2010. However, of those LSOAs which moved, they were 2.8 times more likely to have worsened than improved their relative position (dectile). Deprived localities contain higher proportions of children and non-white British residents than non-deprived areas. The analysis has produced a list of 57 LSOAs within Northamptonshire which can be used to assist commissioning decisions (see Appendix A). Index Section A : Background Information 1. General Information 2. Issues to be aware of when considering the results of the English Indices of Deprivation. Section B : Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 3. LSOA Level : Most Deprived Lower Super Output Areas 4. LSOA Level : Subject Area Domains 5. LSOA Level : Movement Between Dectiles Since 2010 6. Local Authority Summary Measures (IMD and Domains) 7. Populations Affected by the IMD Section C : Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) 8. Most Deprived Lower Super Output Areas 9. LSOA Level : Movement Between Dectiles Since 2010 10. Local Authority Summary Measures (IDACI) Section D : Income Deprivation Affecting Older People (IDAOPI) 11. Most Deprived Lower Super Output Areas 12. LSOA Level : Movement Between Dectiles Since 13. Local Authority Summary Measures (IDAOPI) Appendices A. Compilation of Key Northamptonshire LSOAs identified by one of more method of analysis B. List of Indicators used in the IMD Domains, IDACI and IDAOPI C. Definitions of the DCLG Summary Measures Section A : Background Information 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION : GENERAL 1.1 The English Indices of Deprivation provide the main statistical overview of relative deprivation covering the whole of England. They are formatted using small geographical areas called Lower Super Output Areas (LSOAs), of which there are 32,844 across the country, with 422 of them falling within Northamptonshire. Each LSOA represents around 1,600 people. 1.2 The English Indices are released on an adhoc timescale by the Department for Communities & Local Government (DCLG). The 2015 release, analysed here, replaces the 2010 version and was created by Oxford Consultants for Social Inclusion (OCSI) on behalf of the DCLG. 1.3 The English Indices of Deprivation consist of the overarching Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) and two supplementary indices : The Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI); The Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI). 1.4 The Index of Multiple Deprivation is constructed in hierarchical format using numerous national indicators (see Appendix B) to build up seven subject area ‘domains’ which then come together to create the overarching IMD using weightings (which are shown in more detail in paragraph 4.1). At the end of this process each LSOA geography is given a ‘deprivation score’. To provide analysis of their relative levels of deprivation across the entire country, the LSOA geographies are then sorted according to their deprivation score, given a national ranking and then divided into ten equal sections (dectiles). To assess relative deprivation within Northamptonshire, the 422 county LSOAs have also been given county ranks and county dectiles based on the national deprivation score. These county ranks and dectiles are available on Northamptonshire Analysis. 1.5 Nationally, the LSOA with Rank 1 is the most deprived and LSOA 32844 is the least deprived. Countywide, the LSOA with Rank 1 is the most deprived and LSOA 422 is the least deprived. Dectile 1 is the most deprived and Dectile 10 is the least deprived (nationally and countywide). 1.6 A key definition of deprivation used by local authorities is those areas (and their residents) which fall within the top 20% most deprived LSOAs nationally (ie. Dectiles 1 and 2 nationally). 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION : ISSUES TO BE AWARE OF WHEN CONSIDERING THE RESULTS OF THE ENGLISH INDICES OF DEPRIVATION 2.1 The indices show RELATIVE deprivation rather than absolute deprivation across the country. They do not provide numbers of people living “in poverty” according to a specific definition and a LSOA which falls within the top 20% most deprived nationally may contain pockets of more affluent households. 2.2 It should also be noted that “the Indices of Deprivation methodology is designed to reliably distinguish between areas at the most deprived end of the distribution, but not at the least deprived end”. (DCLG Research Report 2015, para 3.2.10, page 21). 2.3 The DCLG also point out that “mid-year estimates are an important component of the Indices of Deprivation, and changes to the population estimates can result in changes to deprivation levels” (DCLG Research Report 2015, para 3.4.12, page 29) and that the 2015 index is the first to use mid-year estimates published after the 2011 Census population revisions (which did indeed identify an unexpected increase in population within Northamptonshire). 2.4 It should also be noted that each domain is based on a basket of indicators using data from the most recent time point available at the time of creation. The DCLG confirm that “in practice most indicators in the 2015 IMD relate to the tax year 2012-13”. (DCLG Research Report 2015, para 1.2.2, page 7) 2.5 “Versions of the Indices should not be used as a time-series. However, because there is broadly consistent methodology between the Indices of Deprivation 2015 and previous versions, this does allow some comparisons to be made over time, but only in terms of comparing the rankings” at the relevant snapshots in time. (DCLG Research Report, para 5.1.1, page 48). If an area has a higher rank/dectile in 2015 than previously “it would not necessarily be correct to state that the level of deprivation in the area has increased on some absolute scale, as it may be the case that all areas had improved, but that some areas had improved more slowly than others. In the situation where the absolute levels of deprivation in all areas were increasing or decreasing at the same rate, the ranks would show no change.” (DCLG Research Report 2015, para 5.1.2, page 48). This is re-emphasised when considering the DCLG Summary Measures for local authorities. “It is also important to note that any change in rank position represents relative change only. In other words it is possible that a local authority district may have become less deprived in real terms since the previous index, but more deprived relative to all other local authority districts, or vice versa. Furthermore, a change in rank – even of five places – may not actually represent a large increase or decrease in absolute levels of deprivation.” (DCLG IMD 2015 Research Report, para 5.3.5, page 52). Thus, changes in rank or dectile cannot be attributed to interventions or changes which have occurred in a particular LSOA or Local Authority. More detailed guidance on interpreting changes in the rankings/dectiles of LSOAs can be found in Section 3.4 of the DCLG IMD 2015 Research Report. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/english-indices-of-deprivation-2015-research- report Appendix C of the national Technical Report provides details of the full range of changes to the construction of the indices which have taken place since 2010. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/english-indices-of-deprivation-2015-technical- report In particular, one indicator on housing affordability has been broadened and two new indicators have been added to the overall basket (claimants of carers’ allowance, English language proficiency). See also 2.6 below detailing geographical changes. 2.6 Changes to LSOA boundaries at the time of the 2011 Census affected a number of Northamptonshire LSOAs. The total LSOAs in the county increased from 407 to 422 at that time. Some old LSOAs were deleted and newly created LSOAs were given completely new code numbers. One kept the same code number but changed its name! All this means that a total of 397 uniquely coded LSOAs in the county appear in both the pre and post 2011 listings and are therefore can be used for comparison purposes in between the 2010 and 2015 English Indices of Deprivation. Section B : Index of Multiple Deprivation 2015 3.