ENVIRONMENT and GEOSCIENCE Proceedings of the 1st WSEAS International Conference on ENVIRONMENTAL and GEOLOGICAL SCIENCE and ENGINEERING (EG'08) Malta, September 11-13, 2008 Energy and Environmental Engineering Series A series of Reference Books and Textbooks Published by WSEAS Press ISSN: 1790-5095 www.wseas.org ISBN: 978-960-474-001-7 ENVIRONMENT and GEOSCIENCE Proceedings of the 1st WSEAS International Conference on ENVIRONMENTAL and GEOLOGICAL SCIENCE and ENGINEERING (EG'08) Malta, September 11-13, 2008 Energy and Environmental Engineering Series A series of Reference Books and Textbooks Published by WSEAS Press www.wseas.org Copyright © 2008, by WSEAS Press All the copyright of the present book belongs to the World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Editor of World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society Press. All papers of the present volume were peer reviewed by two independent reviewers. Acceptance was granted when both reviewers' recommendations were positive. See also: http://www.worldses.org/review/index.html ISSN: 1790-5095 ISBN: 978-960-474-001-7 World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society ENVIRONMENT and GEOSCIENCE Proceedings of the 1st WSEAS International Conference on ENVIRONMENTAL and GEOLOGICAL SCIENCE and ENGINEERING (EG'08) Malta, September 11-13, 2008 Editors: Prof. Angelo De Santis, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy Prof. Rafi Baker, Israel Institute of Technology, Israel Prof. Brigitte Klug, Univ. of Natural Res. & Applied Life Sciences, Austria. Prof. Petr Vanicek, University of New Brunswick, Canada Prof. Luiz Jose Homem D´El-Rey Silva, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil Prof. Alberto Foyo, University of Cantabria, Spain Prof. Murat Ercanoglu, Hacettepe University, Turkey Prof. Dragana Dordevic, University of Belgrade, Serbia International Program Committee Members: Kelvin S. Rodolfo, USA Mustafa Aktar, TURKEY Phaedon C. Kyriakidis, USA Menas Kafatos, USA Carlo Vandecasteele, BELGIUM Philippe de Donato, FRANCE P De Bievre, BELGIUM Jacek Namiesnik, POLAND Jean-Paul Bravard, FRANCE Dimitris Dermatas, USA Erick Carlier, FRANCE W.W.-S. Yim, HONG KONG Thomas Kohl, SWITZERLAND Chun-Ho Liu, CHINA Randy Seright, USA Murat Ercanoglu, TURKEY An Li, USA Mohamed Obeid, EGYPT Hikari Fujii, JAPAN Pasquale Steduto, Italy Yuh-Shan Ho, CHINA Richard Glen, AUSTRALIA Hasan Tosun, TURKEY M.F. Loutre, BELGIUM Ahmet Sasmaz, TURKEY Serena Pastore, ITALY Jean-Yves Parlange, USA Francisco J. Moral, SPAIN Viney P. Aneja, USA Miguel A. Sánchez, SPAIN Marco Mucciarelli, ITALY Aurelian Pantea, ROMANIA Chris Cramer , USA Tamara Polubesova, ISRAEL Tom Rockwell, USA Angelo De Santis, ITALY John Carranza, THE NETHERLANDS Petr Vanicek, CANADA Levent Yilmaz, USA Boris Berri, CANADA Hong-Kai Chen, CHINA Alok Porwal, AUSTRALIA Jianmin Chen, CHINA Sabah A. Abdul-Wahab Al-Sulaiman, OMAN David Gomez, SPAIN Giovanni Martinelli, ITALY Julia Lu, CANADA Daniele Contini, ITALY Stefano Gresta, ITALY Hung-Yu Chen, TAIWAN Shiyong Zhou, CHINA Kees Stigter, CHINA Shaofeng Liu, CHINA Francisco H.R. Bezerra, BRAZIL Alberto Foyo, SPAIN Saif Ud Din, KUWAIT Mandal Prantik, INDIA R. Latha, INDIA Tae-Kyung Hong, SOUTH KOREA Suzanne Hecker, USA Maria Belarmina Diaz Aguado, SPAIN Olav Slaymaker, CANADA André Jasper, BRASIL Jeff Collett, USA Vikrant Chitnis, INDIA Samuel Ortega-Farias, CHILE Xiyuan Zhou, CHINA R. P. Kane, BRAZIL Paul Fitzgerald, USA Hebe Carreras, ARGENTINA Yoram Eckstein, USA Alexander Rabinovich, CANADA Eser Durukal, TURKEY Tat Leung Chan, HONG KONG Alfred Stein, THE NETHERLANDS Yang Deng, USA Zengxi Ge, CHINA Concettina Nunziata, ITALY Mustafa Erdik, TURKEY Jimmy Jiao, HONG KONG Hing-Ho Tsang, HONG KONG Renato Lancellotta, ITALY Sergei Stanchits, GERMANY Daniel E. McNamara, USA David Schaff, USA Stefan Florin Balan, ROMANIA Maria Stella Giammarinaro, ITALY Mircea Radulian, ROMANIA Fares M. Howari, UAE Vladimir Graizer, USA Efthimios Karymbalis, GREECE Ernst D. Schmitter, GERMANY Tamaz Chelidze, GEORGIA Constantin Ionescu, ROMANIA Gulum Birgoren Tanircan, TURKEY Andrei Bala, ROMANIA Rui Pedro Juliao, PORTUGAL J. R. Kayal, INDIA Christos Chalkias, GREECE Mihaela Popa, ROMANIA Yanbin Wang, CHINA Preface This book contains the proceedings of the 1st WSEAS International Conference on ENVIRONMENTAL and GEOLOGICAL SCIENCE and ENGINEERING (EG'08) which was held in Malta, September 11-13, 2008. This conference aims to disseminate the latest research and applications in Renewable Energy, Mineral Resources, Natural Hazards and Risks, Environmental Impact Assessment, Urban and Regional Planning Issues, Remote Sensing and GIS, and other relevant topics and applications. The friendliness and openness of the WSEAS conferences, adds to their ability to grow by constantly attracting young researchers. The WSEAS Conferences attract a large number of well- established and leading researchers in various areas of Science and Engineering as you can see from http://www.wseas.org/reports. Your feedback encourages the society to go ahead as you can see in http://www.worldses.org/feedback.htm The contents of this Book are also published in the CD-ROM Proceedings of the Conference. Both will be sent to the WSEAS collaborating indices after the conference: www.worldses.org/indexes In addition, papers of this book are permanently available to all the scientific community via the WSEAS E-Library. Expanded and enhanced versions of papers published in this conference proceedings are also going to be considered for possible publication in one of the WSEAS journals that participate in the major International Scientific Indices (Elsevier, Scopus, EI, ACM, Compendex, INSPEC, CSA .... see: www.worldses.org/indexes) these papers must be of high-quality (break-through work) and a new round of a very strict review will follow. (No additional fee will be required for the publication of the extended version in a journal). WSEAS has also collaboration with several other international publishers and all these excellent papers of this volume could be further improved, could be extended and could be enhanced for possible additional evaluation in one of the editions of these international publishers. Finally, we cordially thank all the people of WSEAS for their efforts to maintain the high scientific level of conferences, proceedings and journals. 1st WSEAS International Conference on ENVIRONMENTAL and GEOLOGICAL SCIENCE and ENGINEERING (EG'08) Malta, September 11-13, 2008 Table of Contents Plenary Lecture I: Plenary Lecture I: Critical Review of the Physical Foundations of 11 Unsaturated Soil Mechanics Rafi Baker Plenary Lecture II: Natural Hazards Induced by Large Intermediate Vrancea Earthquakes in SE 13 Europe Andrei Bala Plenary Lecture III: The Paleontological History of Wildfire: An Important Tool to Define 14 Fluctuations in the Atmospheric Composition André Jasper Plenary Lecture IV: Evaluating and Planning Waste Landfill Top Covers with the Help of 16 Vegetation and Population Ecology Brigitte Klug Plenary Lecture V: An Overview on the Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Techniques 18 Murat Ercanoglu Plenary Lecture VI: The Method of Sequence Stratigraphy 19 Octavian Catuneanu Plenary Lecture VII: Climate Change (in Sweden)- Geotechnical and Contaminated Land 21 Consequences Yvonne Andersson-Skold Plenary Lecture VIII: The Role of Engineering Geology in the Identification and Evaluation of 22 Geological Risk and their Application in Prehistoric Cave Areas. Three Case Histories Alberto Foyo Plenary Lecture IX: Are we going towards a Global Planetary Magnetic Change? Possible 23 Scientific Perspectives and Consequences to our Everyday Life Angelo De Santis Plenary Lecture X: Source Identification using CMB Models and Effects of Emission Control on 24 Reducing Ambient Air Pollution in Industrial City Dragana Dordevic Plenary Lecture XI: How a Horizontal Surface is Traced 25 Petr Vanicek Plenary Lecture XII: Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Process for Effective Removal of Organic 26 Pollutants Contaminated in Wastewater Xijun Hu ISSN: 1790-5095 7 ISBN: 978-960-474-001-7 1st WSEAS International Conference on ENVIRONMENTAL and GEOLOGICAL SCIENCE and ENGINEERING (EG'08) Malta, September 11-13, 2008 Plenary Lecture XIII: Collision Mountain Belts as Crustal-Scale Pop-Up Structures due to 28 Underthrusting: The case of the Brasília Belt, Central Brazil Luiz Jose Homem D´El-Rey Silva Plenary Lecture XIV: Monitoring Land Degradation by the Integration of in Situ and Remote 29 Sensed Data: Badlands in Basilicata Region Maria Francesca Macchiato Stress Strain Modeling by Transformed Equations of Ultrasonic Wave 31 Arash Ziaie, Kaveh Kumarci and Arash Kiyoumarsi Using Neural Network in Plate Frequency Calculation 37 Arash Ziaie, Issa Mahmoudi and Arash Kiyoumarsi GIS Based Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: Karabük Province Case in Turkey 43 Ahmet Temiz Climate Change in Sweden – Geotechnical and Contaminated Land Consequences 52 Yvonne Andersson-Skold, Jan Fallsvik, Carina Hulten, Anna Jonsson, Mattias Hjerpe and Erik Glaas Water Quality Assessment in the Restoration of the Meirama Open Pit Mine, NW Spain. Part I. 58 Hydrochemistry J. Delgado, R. Juncosa, A. Vazquez, F. Padilla, P. Vellando, H. Hernández and S. Fernández-bogo Water Quality Assessment in the Reclamation of the Meirama Open