CDF STUDY REPORT SPP NEO Inactive Body Small Planetary Platforms Assessment for NEO Inactive Bodies CDF-178(A) January 2018 SPP NEO Inactive Body CDF Study Report: CDF-178(A) January 2018 page 1 of 209 CDF Study Report SPP NEO Inactive Body Small Planetary Platforms Assessment for NEO Inactive Bodies ESA UNCLASSIFIED – Releasable to the Public SPP NEO Inactive Body CDF Study Report: CDF-178(A) January 2018 page 2 of 209 FRONT COVER Study Logo showing satellite approaching an asteroid with a swarm of SmallSats ESA UNCLASSIFIED – Releasable to the Public SPP NEO Inactive Body CDF Study Report: CDF-178(A) January 2018 page 3 of 209 STUDY TEAM This study was performed in the ESTEC Concurrent Design Facility (CDF) by the following interdisciplinary team: TEAM LEADER AOCS PAYLOAD COMMUNICATIONS POWER CONFIGURATION PROGRAMMATICS/ AIV COST ELECTRICAL PROPULSION DATA HANDLING CHEMICAL PROPULSION GS&OPS SYSTEMS MISSION ANALYSIS THERMAL MECHANISMS Under the responsibility of: S. Bayon, SCI-FMP, Study Manager With the scientific assistance of: Study Scientist With the technical support of: Systems/APIES Smallsats Radiation The editing and compilation of this report has been provided by: Technical Author ESA UNCLASSIFIED – Releasable to the Public SPP NEO Inactive Body CDF Study Report: CDF-178(A) January 2018 page 4 of 209 This study is based on the ESA CDF Open Concurrent Design Tool (OCDT), which is a community software tool released under ESA licence. All rights reserved. Further information and/or additional copies of the report can be requested from: S. Bayon ESA/ESTEC/SCI-FMP Postbus 299 2200 AG Noordwijk The Netherlands Tel: +31-(0)71-5655502 Fax: +31-(0)71-5655985 [email protected] For further information on the Concurrent Design Facility please contact: M. Bandecchi ESA/ESTEC/TEC-SYE Postbus 299 2200 AG Noordwijk The Netherlands Tel: +31-(0)71-5653701 Fax: +31-(0)71-5656024 [email protected] ESA UNCLASSIFIED – Releasable to the Public SPP NEO Inactive Body CDF Study Report: CDF-178(A) January 2018 page 5 of 209 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 13 1.1 Background ...........................................................................................................13 1.2 Objective ................................................................................................................13 1.3 Scope .....................................................................................................................13 1.4 Document Structure ............................................................................................. 14 2 PAYLOAD ............................................................................................ 15 2.1 Requirements and Design Drivers MC ................................................................. 15 2.2 Requirements and Design Drivers SS ................................................................... 15 2.3 Assumptions and Trade offs SS ........................................................................... 16 2.3.1 Assumptions ................................................................................................... 16 2.3.2 Trade Offs and Selection of Instruments ....................................................... 16 2.4 Baseline Design SS ............................................................................................... 19 2.5 Accommodation ................................................................................................... 19 2.6 Operational Aspects ............................................................................................. 20 2.7 Data Volume ......................................................................................................... 21 3 MISSION ANALYSIS ........................................................................... 23 3.1 Requirements and Design Drivers MC ................................................................ 23 3.1.1 Multipoint Mission ........................................................................................ 23 3.1.2 Launch Vehicle ............................................................................................... 23 3.1.3 Launch Date ................................................................................................... 23 3.1.4 Transfer Duration .......................................................................................... 23 3.1.5 Duration of Operations .................................................................................. 23 3.2 Assumptions and Trade-Offs MC ........................................................................ 24 3.2.1 Small Body Classification ............................................................................... 24 3.2.2 Launch Strategies and Trade-Offs ................................................................. 26 3.2.3 Preliminary Assessment of DIFFERENT MISSIONS ................................... 29 3.3 Baseline Design MC ..............................................................................................31 3.3.1 Target Selection...............................................................................................31 3.3.2 Apophis ...........................................................................................................31 3.3.3 Launch Scenario ............................................................................................. 35 3.3.4 Transfers to Apophis ...................................................................................... 37 3.4 Sensitivity Analysis for MC: What if? .................................................................. 44 3.4.1 Launch into LEO + EP Assisted Escape ........................................................ 44 3.4.2 Other NEOs Targets ....................................................................................... 45 3.4.3 Mission to Phobos .......................................................................................... 48 4 SYSTEMS ............................................................................................ 53 4.1 System Requirements and Design Drivers .......................................................... 53 4.1.1 Mission and System Requirements Tree ....................................................... 53 4.1.2 Mission Requirements Update ...................................................................... 53 4.1.3 Mission Design Drivers .................................................................................. 57 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – Releasable to the Public SPP NEO Inactive Body CDF Study Report: CDF-178(A) January 2018 page 6 of 209 4.2 System Baseline Design ....................................................................................... 58 4.2.1 Target Selection and Strawman Payload ....................................................... 58 4.2.2 Transfer, Rendezvous and Operations Overview .......................................... 59 4.2.3 Baseline MC Design Summary ....................................................................... 60 4.2.4 Baseline SS Design Summary ........................................................................ 62 4.2.5 Propellant Budget .......................................................................................... 62 4.2.6 Product Tree ................................................................................................... 63 4.2.7 Modes and Phases .......................................................................................... 65 4.2.8 Smallsat Mass Budget and Equipment List ................................................... 66 4.2.9 Mother Spacecraft Mass Budget and Equipment List ................................... 68 4.2.10 Power Budget ................................................................................................. 70 4.2.11 Structural Assumptions .................................................................................. 71 4.3 System Options ..................................................................................................... 71 5 CONFIGURATION ............................................................................... 73 5.1 Requirements and Design Drivers MC ................................................................ 73 5.2 Requirements and Design Drivers SS .................................................................. 73 5.3 Assumptions and Trade offs MC .......................................................................... 74 5.4 Assumptions and Trade offs SS ........................................................................... 74 5.5 Baseline Design MC ............................................................................................. 74 5.5.1 Description of the MC Spacecraft .................................................................. 74 5.5.2 Main Dimensions of the MC spacecraft ......................................................... 81 5.6 Baseline Design SS ............................................................................................... 82 5.6.1 Description of the SS Spacecraft .................................................................... 82 5.6.2 Main Dimensions of the SS Spacecraft .......................................................... 84 6 MECHANISMS ..................................................................................... 87 6.1 Requirements and Design Drivers MC ...............................................................