ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Neue Entomologische Nachrichten Jahr/Year: 1997 Band/Volume: 40 Autor(en)/Author(s): Balint [Bálint] Zsolt, Johnson Kurt Artikel/Article: Reformation of the Polyommatus Section with a Taxonomie and Biogeographic OverView (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Polyommatini) 1-68 NEUE ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN aus dem Entomologischen Museum Dr. Ulf Eitschberger Beiträge zur Ökologie, Faunistik und Systematik von Lepidopteren 40. Band ISSN 0722-3773 November 1997 ZSOLT BÄLINT & KURT JOHNSON Reformation of the Polyommatus Section with a Taxonomie and Biogeographic OverView (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Polyommatini) Verlag: Dr. Ulf Eitschberger, Humboldtstr. 13a, D-95168 Marktleuthen Einzelpreis: DM 52.— NEUE ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN aus dem Entomologischen Museum Dr. Ulf Eitschberger Beiträge zur Ökologie, Faunistlk und Systematik von Lepidopteren Herausgeber und Schriftleitung: Dr. ULF EITSCHBERGER, Humboldtstr. 13a, D-95168 Marktleuthen Die Zeitschrift und alle in ihr enthaltenen einzelnen Beiträge und Abbildungen sind urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Ver­ wertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechts­ gesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen auf foto­ mechanischem Wege (Fotokopie, Mikrokopie), Übersetzun­ gen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verar­ beitung in elektronischen Systemen. ISSN 0722-3773 NEUE ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN aus dem Entomologischen Museum Dr. Ulf Eitschberger Beiträge zur Ökologie, Faunistik und Systematik von Lepidopteren 40. Band ISSN 0722-3773 November 1997 ZSOLT BÄLINT & KURT JOHNSON Reformation of the Polyommatus Section with a Taxonomie and Biogeographic OverView (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Polyommatini) Verlag: Dr. Ulf Eitschberger, Humboldtstr. 13a, D-95168 Marktleuthen - 3 - Reformation of the Polyommatus Section with a Taxonomic and Biogeographic Overview (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Polyommatini) by Zsolt BAlint & K urt Johnson „Es ist der Wurf des Säemanns, wenn er fasst Mit der Schaufel den Weizen, Und wirft, den Klaren zu, ihn schwingend über die Tenne. Ihm fällt die Schale vor den Füssen, aber Ans Ende kommet das Korn, Und nicht ein Übel ists, wenn einiges, Verloren gehet und von der Rede Verhallet der lebendige Laut, Denn göttliches Werk auch gleichet dem unsern, Nicht alles will des Höchste zumal." F. HÖLDERLIN, Patmos [1802] Contents Dedication. 4 Abstract 4 Introduction. 5 Materials and Methods. 5 Results 7 Generic Classification of the ReformedPolyommatus Section 7 Species Diversity of thePolyommatus Section. 9 Hypothetical Branching Diagram of the Polyommatus Section 24 Discussion 26 The Phenomenon of Discoloration in thePolyommatus Section 26 Significance of Discoloration 27 Vicariant Patterns and Normal and Discoloured Polyommatini 28 Distribution of Discoloured Taxa . 29 Summary and Comparison to Other Faunas 32 Area Distributions of the ReformedPolyommatus Section. 33 Systematic Methods and Views of Diversity 34 Character-based Taxonomic Methods 34 Biological Species 34 Typological Species 35 Species Methods and Species Numbers 35 How Typology in Common Taxonomic Usage Affects Views of Diversity 36 Assumptions Concerning Common Usage 36 Different “Common” Usages. 36 Problems Regarding Types. 36 Differing Views of Diversity 37 Generic Synonymy and N abokov ’s Higher Classification. 39 Acknowledgements. 40 References. 40 Appendix: Description of six polyommatine taxa (by Zsolt Balint ) 47 Agriades kurtjohnsoni spec. nov. 47 Agriades gaborronkayi spec. nov.. 48 Polyommatus frauvartianae spec. nov. 49 Polyommatus fabiani spec. nov. 50 Polyommatus delessei spec. nov. 51 Madeleinea gradoslamasi spec. nov. 52 Figures and Plates 53-67 - 4 - Dedication The late Charles A. Bridges, at the time of his revisingB ridges (1988), requested the authors’ aid in more fully elaborating the composition of thePolyommatus Section of the Tribe Polyommatini. At the time, significant work on these groups wasin press and it was not possible to make all of it available for examination. Nonetheless, Bridges included many changes based on correspondence with the present authors(B ridges, 1994). The revision of thePolyommatus Section which follows below confirms, or further elaborates upon, many of the original queries Bofridges . Accordingly, we dedicate this study of the Polyommatus Section to his memory. Abstract The generic composition of thePolyommatus Section of the Polyommatini, originally proposed by E liot mostly from studies of male genitalia and including 33 valid generic names, is revised. Recent revisionary works, including study of morphological (and other) characters in both sexes indicates the following genera must be excluded:Cyclargus Nabokov , 1945; Echinargus Nabokov , 1945; Hemiargus Hubner , [1819]; Itylos Draudt , 1921 (= Parachilades Nabokov , 1945); Nabokovia Hemming, 1960 and Pseudochrysops Nabokov , 1945. Characters are reviewed for the nine genera remaining inPolyommatus Section: Agriades Hubner , [1819]; AlbulinaTurr, 1909 (= Farsia Zhdanko , 1992, syn. nov.; Pamiria Zhdanko , 1994, syn. nov.; Patricius Balint , 1991, syn. nov. and Plebejidea Koqak , 1993, syn. nov.); Aricia [Reichenbach ], 1819 (= Umpria Zhdanko , 1994, syn. nov.); Chilades Moore, [1881] (= Lachides Nekrutenko, 1984, syn. nov.); Madeleinea Balint , 1993; Paralycaeides Nabokov , 1945; Plebejus Kluk , 1802 (= Alpherakya Zhdanko 1994, syn. nov.); Polyommatus Latreille, 1804 (= Elviria Zhdanko , 1994, syn. nov.) and Pseudolucia Nabokov , 1945. A list of genera and species is given. Three replacement names are proposed: Plebejus ardis Balint & J ohnson, nom. nov. (replaces Lycaena eversmanni Staudinger , 1894), Plebejus beani Balint & J ohnson, nom. nov. (replaces Lycaena indica E vans , 1925) and Plebejus pilgram Balint & J ohnson, nom. nov. (replacesLycaena serica Grum-Grshimailo , 1902). From examination of type material, the following new species level synonymies are established: Aricia monarchus Higgins, 1981 (junior synonym of Papilio semiargus Rottemburg , 1775), Lycaena idas tshimgana Forster, 1936 (junior synonym ofLycaena argus f. naruena Courvoisier, 1913), Plebejus balinti D’A brera , 1993 (junior synonym ofLycaena buddhista A lpheraky , 1881), Polyommatus tibetanus Forster, 1940 (junior synonym ofPolyommatus annulatus E lwes, 1906) and Vacciniina lornex Higgins, 1981 (junior synonym of Plebejus lucifera selengensis Forster, 1940). A hypothetical branching diagram of the Polyommatus Section is presented and discussed, with notes concerning historical context (especially regarding the Plebejinae system ofNabokov ). The phenomenon of wing discoloration in certain Polyommatini is discussed in light of new data concern­ ing geographic distribution and apparent endemism in various of these taxa. Also examined are historical and current methods of studying the Polyommatini and various views of the tribes’s overall diversity. - 5 - In an Appendix, six polyommatine lycaenids are described: Agriades kurtjohnsoniBAum. spec. nov. from Nepal, Albulina gaborronkayi Balint , spec. nov. also from Nepal, Polyommatus frauvartianae spec. nov. from Afghanistan, Polyommatus fabiani spec. nov. from Mongolia, Polyommatus delessei spec. nov. from Iran and Madeleinea gradoslamasi spec. nov. from Peru. Introduction Eliot (1973), in his higher classification of the Lycaenidae, proposed the Polyommatus Section ,1 It was actually identical with N abokov 's polyommatine subfamily Plebejinae (N abokov , 1945). As re­ cent work has pointed out, Eliot’s Polyommatus Section was polyphyletic (sensu N elson 1971) (Bälint & J ohnson , 1995a, b, c; Johnson & B älint 1995). A number of factors contributed to this. Firstly, Eliot’s review (which was titled as a “tentative" study of the family) was (1) limited to the study of males of selected taxa representing the many generic names available in the family, (2) did not attempt to evaluate species statuses or, therefore, primarily consult type material. Secondly,E asliot has recently pointed out (in litt, toJ ohnson , 1996), he was aware of the sampling error problem in the New World fauna and, primarily as a specialist in the Oriental Realm, assumed his cursory approach to the New World would eventually lead to followup work by others. Eliot (1973:450) listed 33 genera in his Polyommatus Section. Recent revisionary works (see lit­ erature cited in Bälint & J ohnson , 1995a: 220) have included study of far wider arrays of taxonomic characters, including not only wing structure and pattern but genitalia and tergal morphology in both sexes; such studies have included virtually all known taxa of the Polyommatini in the New World. These studies have demonstrated that Eliot’s original Polyommatus Section was polyphyletic and indicate that the following Neotropical genera (as listed by Eliot) must be excluded from that section: Hemiargus H übner , [1819]; Pseudochrysops Nabokov , 1945; Cyclargus N abokov , 1945; Echinargus N abokov , 1945; Nabokovia H emming, 1960 and Itylos Draudt , 1921 (= Parachilades N abokov , 1945). The genera remaining in the section compose a “reformed”Polyommatus Section. This term was originally employed by Bälint & J ohnson (1995a, c). Since their studies included only detailed treat­ ment of Neotropical components, the purpose of the present paper (based primarily on adding Holarctic data produced by the senior author) is to review the “reformed”Polyommatus