The Illustrated Chicano: Chicano Border Methodology in Practice by William Franco A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington 2019 Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................... 7 About the USB Memory Stick ................................................................................................................... 8 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 13 Chicano Border Methodology ............................................................................................................. 14 Personal narrative .................................................................................................................................. 15 Structure of Thesis ................................................................................................................................ 17 CHICANO chapter one ........................................................................................................................... 25 Chicano defined ..................................................................................................................................... 25 Border history ........................................................................................................................................ 26 US Chicano history ............................................................................................................................... 27 Mexico Chicano History ....................................................................................................................... 28 Mestizo/a in the twenty-first century ................................................................................................. 29 Dual and tri-consciousness .................................................................................................................. 30 Chicanos and Native Americans ......................................................................................................... 31 ART HISTORY chapter two ................................................................................................................... 35 Early years: Border Consciousness ..................................................................................................... 35 On a Mission .......................................................................................................................................... 36 Ramona: birth of a mis-ce-ge-NATION ........................................................................................... 37 Art can change society .......................................................................................................................... 40 Beginnings of Chicano Border Methodology ................................................................................... 41 Return to Aztlan .................................................................................................................................... 43 Aotearoa Collaborations ....................................................................................................................... 47 Lessons Learned .................................................................................................................................... 50 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 51 METHODOLOGY chapter three .......................................................................................................... 57 Colonial matrix of power and hierarchy of knowledge ................................................................... 57 Destruction of knowledge .................................................................................................................... 58 Epistemological pluralism .................................................................................................................... 59 Decolonising Epistemology Pluralism ............................................................................................... 61 Performative ........................................................................................................................................... 63 Transformative ....................................................................................................................................... 64 Mind ........................................................................................................................................................ 64 Body ........................................................................................................................................................ 65 Spirit ........................................................................................................................................................ 65 Knowledge spaces ................................................................................................................................. 66 Borders .................................................................................................................................................... 68 Crossing .................................................................................................................................................. 70 Language and Code-Switching ............................................................................................................ 73 Chicano Border Methodology ............................................................................................................. 75 Indigenous knowledge and other methodologies ............................................................................. 75 1 | P a g e Chicano Border Methodology and intersectionality ........................................................................ 76 Chicano Border Methodology and Kaupapa Māori ......................................................................... 77 Chicano Border Methodology and Insurgent Research .................................................................. 80 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 80 ART THEORY chapter four ................................................................................................................... 85 Chicano Border Methodology and art methodologies .................................................................... 85 Practice-led research ............................................................................................................................. 85 The six conditions of practice-led research ....................................................................................... 87 Performative research ........................................................................................................................... 89 Performative vs Performative ............................................................................................................. 90 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 92 THE ILLUSTRATED CHICANO INSTALLATION chapter five ............................................... 95 Decolonisation ....................................................................................................................................... 95 Border Art Workshop/Taller de Arte Fronterizo (BAW/TAF) ................................................... 98 Borders and beyond .............................................................................................................................. 99 Looking for home in Aotearoa ......................................................................................................... 100 The Illustrated Chicano ...................................................................................................................... 101 Artifact .................................................................................................................................................. 103 Place ...................................................................................................................................................... 105 The transitional space ......................................................................................................................... 107 The contextual space .......................................................................................................................... 109 Knowledge Table ................................................................................................................................ 110 History of Chicano Park .................................................................................................................... 111 Aztlan the mythical land of the Aztecs 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