Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 19, Issue 1, 2019 PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, E-ISSN 2285-3952 STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTIVITY OF BEARING FRUIT VINEYARDS – A BASIC FACTOR FOR THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE VINE AND WINE SECTOR OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Elena TIMOFTI, Roman CERETEU State Agrarian University of Moldova,44,Miscești st.,MD-2049, Republic of Moldova; Phone: 37369788745, Emails: [email protected], [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The paper presents a static and dynamic analysis of bearing fruit vineyard areas and productivity at 1 ha in the Republic of Moldova. The linear trend of the productivity development of the bearing fruit vineyard plantations during 2010-2016 and the prognosis of the level for 2022 have been determined and analysed. Key words: vine and wine sector, economic growth, vineyard, forecasting, productivity, linear trend INTRODUCTION industrial processing that ensures the high quality of the wines and the economic growth The vine and wine sector of the Republic of of the vine and wine sector. Moldova is of strategic importance for the national economy given that, first of all, MATERIALS AND METHODS viticulture has a high level of capitalization of the slope agricultural land, being the base of In the research, the authors have used the raw materials for winemaking and the food materials of the legislative framework in the industry. Secondly, the attractive and tasteful field of wine sector development, data from appearance of the grapes, also gives them the the National Bureau of Statistics of the value of the energy-appreciated food, Republic of Moldova and the specialized vitaminized, mineralized to which dietary and literature. therapeutic qualities can be added. In the scientific research process, the At the same time, the annual vine and wine following research methods have been sector contributes to the annual increase of applied: method of comparison, table method revenues in the country by about 205 mil. and graphical presentation of the studied EUR from the export of its production, phenomena, average and relative size method, ensures breakdowns in the state budget mathematical method of analytical levelling through excises, VAT and income tax of more and determination of trend of change of than 400 mil. MDL annually, provides profit phenomena in dynamics. of 5-85 thousand MDL for 1 ha of bearing fruit vineyard, ensures permanent job places, RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS etc. The wine-growing heritage in the Republic of The Republic of Moldova is one of the main Moldova (in all categories of households) as vine-growing countries. Viticulture has a well at 01.01.2017 accounted for 135.3 thousand established place in the national economy. ha. The morphological characteristics and agri- The purpose of this study is to analyze biological traits of the vine allow it to occupy statically and dynamically the vineyard and efficiently utilize light sandy-clay or clay- plantations and the global grape production, sandy soils, because the quality of grapes is which represents the raw material for higher. 581 Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 19, Issue 1, 2019 PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, E-ISSN 2285-3952 On 01.01.2017, the country's viticulture Isabella, Sauvignon, Cabernet-Sauvignon, heritage in all categories of households Merlot, Pinot Noir in the structure of the constituted 5.4% of the total amount of the bearing fruit vineyard plantations is about 6.5- agrarian land area (Table 1). 15.0% each. The regulation and organization of the Table 1. Distribution of agricultural land and vine production activity in the vine and wine sector plantations on forms of ownership, on 01.01.2017 in in the Republic of Moldova is conducted in the Republic of Moldova accordance with the State Policy elaborated All forms of Of which: and promoted by the Ministry of Agriculture, ownership - total Indicator Public Private Regional Development and Environment, as Share, Thous. Share, Thous. ha Share, % Thous. ha % ha % well as the legislative framework (Law of the Surface of the Vine, 2006; Government Decision, 2009; agricultural 2,499.8 100 646.5 25.8 1,853.3 74.2 Operational Procedure, 2015] [9, 10 ]. land - total Vine The objectives planned for the period 2000- plantations - 135.3 100 8.0 6.0 127.3 94.0 2006 were achieved, except of the grubbing total Source: Data calculated by authors based on the Annual up of vineyards. Analysis of the biological Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Moldova 2017, status of plantations reveals that 26.1% of the p. 290. vine had to be grubbed down by 2010 and 57.3% - by 2020. Out of the total area of vine plantations, 127.3 Results of the researches carried out (Table 2) thousand ha or 94% are managed by private show that on all types of vine plantations, sector households and only 6% by the public since 2010, the areas have decreased or sector. diminished in average by 0.5-1.2%. The analysis of the 2010-2016 dynamics of In 2016, 4.6 thousand hectares of vine the share of bearing fruit vineyard plantations plantations with a low agro-technical and in the total amount of vineyards shows a phytosanitary status were grubbed up, and the slight increase from 91.6% to 95.4%, i.e. by absence of a large number of young vines 3.8 pp (Figure 1). caused colossal losses. For the next 4 years (2016-2020) it may be possible to plant about 20 thousand ha if new investment projects from abroad are attracted. The planting material should be multiplied with varieties and rootstocks included in the catalogue of plant varieties of the Republic of Moldova and should not be attacked by diseases and pests that may diminish the productive potential of the vine [Rusu D., 2017 and 2018] [11, 12]. The aspects of the technological scheme for the production of the vine planting material in Figure 1. The share of bearing fruit vineyards in the total amount of vineyards in all categories of the Republic of Moldova have been households in the Republic of Moldova elaborated in various laws and regulations Source: Own calculation based on the data from [Moldovan Standards 207:2010; Moldovan Statistical Office, Rep. of Moldova. standards-206/2010] [7, 8 ]. which obliges the producers to respect the particularities of the However, the share variation of table grapes planting material according to the standards vineyards in the amount of bearing fruit and the technical norms in force, so that the vineyards is even more modest. It represented process of producing the grafted vineyards 15.2% in 2010 and 15.4% in 2016. The will be high, will have a normal growth in the varieties for wine are about 80%. The share of formation of the horns, which directly the main varieties of wine such as: Aligote, influences productivity at 1ha. 582 Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 19, Issue 1, 2019 PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, E-ISSN 2285-3952 Table 2. Analysis of the dynamics of the vineyard plantations in the Republic of Moldova for the period 2010-2016 Average growth / Annual Indicator decrease rate 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 All categories of households. Vine 144.9 139.9 140.7 136.7 140.4 135.4 135.3 X plantations - total, thous. ha Growth (decrease) rate 100 96.5 100.5 97.2 102.7 96.4 100 98.8 in chain, %. Of which bearing fruit 132.8 128.4 129.4 127.7 133.7 128.8 129.1 X vineyards, thous. ha Growth (decrease) rate 100 96.6 100.8 98.7 104.7 96.3 100.2 99.5 in chain, %. Of which vineyards, 20.2 19.7 20.2 19.2 20.5 19.9 19.9 X table grapes, thous. ha Growth (decrease) rate 100 97.5 101.5 95.0 106.8 97.0 100 99.8 in chain, %. Source: Data calculated by authors based on the Annual Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Moldova 2017, p. 302. Analyzing the results obtained in dynamics population with smaller areas due to lack of (Table 3), we conclude that the productivity monetary funds, producers do not have the of bearing fruit vineyard plantations in all possibility to grub up the vine that does not types of households on average annually, correspond according to their biological state increased by 5% over the last 7 years. In and therefore, there is attested a slower peasant farms and households of the growth rate of productivity. Table 3. Analysis of the dynamics of the productivity of bearing fruit vineyard plantations by categories of households in the Republic of Moldova Annual Indicator Average growth 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 rate Productivity of the bearing All types of households fruit vineyards, q/ha 34.9 45.5 38.6 47.3 43.7 45.6 46.9 X Growth (decrease) rate in 100 130.4 122.5 92.4 104.3 102.3 102.8 105.0 chain, %. Productivity of the bearing Agricultural enterprises fruit vineyards, q/ha 23.7 46.0 41.9 64.6 53.5 54.9 65.3 X Growth (decrease) rate in 100 194.0 91.1 154.2 82.8 101.8 118.9 118.4 chain, %. Productivity of the bearing Peasant farms fruit vineyards, q/ha 26.7 33.4 29.0 32.8 33.8 40.4 32.1 X Growth (decrease) rate in 100 125.1 86.8 113.1 103.0 119.5 79.5 103.1 chain, %.