DOCUMENT RESUME ED 351 849 FL 020 603 AUTHOR Linn, Mary Sarah, Ed.; Oliverio, Giulia R. M., Ed. TITLE Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume17, Numbers 1 and 2. INSTITUTION Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Linguistics GraduateStudent Association. PUB DATE 92 NOTE 380p.; For individual papers, see FL 020 604-616. AVAILABLE FROMEditors, KWPL, LGSA, Linguistics Dept., 427 Blake Hall, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS66045. PUB TYPE Collected Works General (020) EDRS PRICE MFO1 /PC16 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS American Indian Languages; Cantonese; Cherokee; Grammar; Japanese; Language Maintenance;*Language Research; *Linguistics; Nouns; Portuguese; Pragmatics; Singhalese; Thai; *Uncommonly Taught Languages; Verbs IDENTIFIERS Anaphora; Cherokee (Tribe); Havasupai; Hualapai; Oklahoma; Proto Algic; Tutelo ABSTRACT "Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics" is intended as a forum for the presentation of thelatest original research by the faculty and students of the Department of Linguisticsand other related departments of the University of Kansas. Papersin this volume include: "Some Issues in Japanese Accent"(Kenneth Miner); "Retraction in Cariocan Portuguese" (Isaias Reis); "The BrahmiFamily of Scripts and Hangul: Alphabets or Syllabaries?"(Christoper Wilhelm); "The Case of Subjects in the Romance Causative" (Sara Rosen); "Locative Inversion in Cantonese" (Sui-Sang Mok);"Spatial Expressions in Sinhala: Appearance of Verb Forms"(Sunanda Tilakaratne); "Division of Labor between Grammar and Pragmatics Concerning Anaphora" (Sun-Hee Kim); "A Study of Quantifier Phrasesin Thai" (Phawadee Deephuengton); "Nouns in Tutelo"(Giulia Oliverio); "Proto-Algic IV: Nouns" (Paul Proulx); "Syllable Boundary Demarcation in Hualapai and Havasupai" (Marcellino Berardo); "ABibliography on Incorporation and Polysynthesis in Native American andPaleosiberian Languages" (Willem de Reuse); and "Language Maintenance and Language Renewal among Cherokee People in Oklahoma"(Barbara Brooks). (JL) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** C cO U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Othce of Educahonal Research and Improvement -PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION / MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY CENTER (ERIC) csi (ints document has been reproducedas N-N eCerved from rile person or organd.ahon \\tA 0 onchnahnd O Mmor changes nave been made to improve reproductron Dually Points of view or opmOnS Stated in thd clocu ment do not neceSsanly represent Off c,ei TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES OERI posdron or policy INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) '!ST COPY AVAILABLE Kansas Working Papers inLinguistics is a regular publicationof the Linguistics Graduate StudentAssociation, Department ofLinguistics, University of Kansas, Lawrence,Kansas, 66045 Aim: Kansas Working Papersin Linguistics (KWPL) isintended as a forum for the presentation,in print, of the latest originalresearch by the faculty and students ofthe Department of Linguisticsand other related departments at theUniversity of Kansas. Paperscontributed by persons not associated with the Universityof Kansasare also welcomed. The papers publishedin KWPL may not bereproduced without written permission fromthe Linguistics GraduateStudent Association. Calls for papers usually endin February of eachyear.Please send manuscripts, requests for individualorders, and inquiries to: Editors, KWPL LGSA, Linguistics Department 427 Blake Hall University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 66045 The cost per issue for Volume1-6 and Volume 8, Number1 is US$4.50. The cost for Volume 8, Number2-Volume 13 is US$8.00,except for Volume 10, Number 1, andVolume 11, which is US$6.00.The cost for Volume 14, Number 2 and15, Number 1 is US$8.50.The cost for Volume 14, Number 1,Volume 15, Number 2, andVolume 16 is US$10.00.Postage is paid for requests fromthe United States and Canada. For orders outside theUnited States and Canada,please add US$3.00 per volume to helpdefray the costs ofpostage. A cumulative index may be found in Volume16 and is availableupon request. All institutions producinga similar publication are encouragedto request a reciprocal agreement. Standingorders are also welcomed. The editors would liketo express their sincereappreciation to the faculty and staff of theDepartment of Linguistics fortheir assistance and encouragement.We would also liketo thank the Graduate Student Council for theircontinuing support and theirparticular efforts this yearon behalf of graduate studentsat the University of Kansas. Cover design by David AndrewToshraah Nokose Skeeter. Kansas WorkingPapers in Linguistics edited by Mary Sarah Linn Giulia R. M. Oliverio Partial funding for this journal is provided by the GraduateStudent Council through the Student Activity Fee. 0 Linguistics Graduate Student Association University of Kansas, 1992 Volume 17, Number 1 1992 4 Kansas Working Papersin Linguistics Volume 17, Number 1 1992 Some Issues in Japanese Accent Kenneth L. Miner 1 Retraction in Cariocan Portuguese 25 Isaias Reis The Brahmi Family of Scriptsand Hangul: Alphabets or Syllabaries? Christopher Wilhelm 55 The Case of Subjects in theRomance Causative Sara Thomas Rosen 79 Locative Inversion in Cantonese Sui-Sang Mok 115 Spatial Expressions in Sinhala:Appearance of Verb Forms Sunanda Tilakaratne 159 Division of Labor betweenGrammar and Pragmatics Concerning Anaphora Sun-Hee Kim 191 A Study of Quantifier PhrasesinThai Phawadee Deephuengton 223 SOME ISSUES IN JAPANESE ACCENT* Kenneth L. Miner Abstract: Previous treatments of Japanese accent have regarded accent as a diacritic feature on the basis of which pitch patterns are predicted by general rules. I will show here that there are reasons for regarding pitch as inherently present in Japanese words, and will offer a tentative analysis founded on this assumption. Introduction Against all previous theoretical work on Tokyo Japanese accent, Pierrehumbert & Beckman 1988 argue on the basis of their phonetic investigations that Japanese words and longer accentual domains do not show tone spread; that is, in their analysis it is not the case that all moras are assigned a surface H or L pitch. Instead, at surface level only three or four moras in a word are specified for tone, the surface pitch of the remaining moras following from phonetic transitions between target values for the assigned tones. Although, as I will point out, the overall position of Pierrehumbert & Beckman appears to be incompatible with the phonological effects of accent in Japanese--in particular the interaction of accent with vowel devoicing and the accentual behavior of verbal suffixes and post-nominal particles, as treated for example in McCawley 1977 and Haraguchi 1977 and summarized in Vance (1987)--I believe they are on the right track in seeing Japanese accent not as manifested in terms of pitch, but as pitch. That is: previous work on Japanese accent has taken accent itself to consist of the lexical marking of a particular syllable of each accented word (graphically represented by, say, an asterisk). General rules then impose a pitch contour on a word or larger domain with reference to this accent. What Pierrehumbert & Beckman have done is to suggest that accent in Japanese is lexically assigned tone, rather than tonal patterns imposed by general rules referring to an independent lexical accent. 6 Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume17,Number 1, 1992, pp. 1-24 2 I believe, and will attempt to show, that sucha revision in our conception of Japanese accentis motivated by the phenomenon of floatingaccent. The purpose of this paper is to determine what is required to implement sucha view of Tokyo Japanese accent. Many of my examples are from Haraguchi (1977), McCawley (1977), and Vance (1987). The data The Japanese syllable (evidence that bothsyllable and mora are phonological units inJapanese is extensively reviewed and supplemented byVance (1987) can be represented in the familiar wayas follows (parenthesized constituentsare optionally present): syl (onset) /rime \ nucleus (coda) The onset may be a consonantor zero (unless we take word-initial glottal stop to be systematic,in which case the onset is obligatory; see Vance 1987,§ 4.10, for some discussion of this issue), thenucleus is a vocalic mora, and the coda if presentis another vocalic mora, the mora nasal /N/,or the mora obstruent /Q/. (For our purposes the mora nasalcan be regarded as an allophone of /n/ which occurs only in codaswhile other allophones of /n/ occur only inonsets, and the mora obstruent can be seen as the first half ofa geminated consonant pair; for detailssee the comprehensive summary in Vance 1987.) Only the syllable nucleus may be accented (exceptas a result of the docking of a floating accent,on which see below). The traditional account of TokyoJapanese surface accent is as follows: Accent is assigned to the nuclei ofsyllables, but pitch is superficially realizedon all moras. A word may be accented on one (and only one) of itssyllables, in which case the nucleus of thesyllable carries the accent; or a word may be unaccented: 3 (1) mdkura 'pillow' kokoro 'heart' takard 'treasure' sakana 'fish' (unaccented) kookoo 'filial piety' kookoo 'high school' (unaccented) An unaccented short word-initialmora is low; all subsequent moras from left to rightare high until an accented nucleus, if any, is reached, followingwhich there is a fall. The resulting patterns for the first five