01493690 FORENSIC INVESПGA ПОN OF ТНЕ CERSKA GRAVE SIТE BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ~ ~ Excavadon: July 7, 1996 through July 18, 1996 Examination: July 31, 1996 through August 22, 1996 1 VOLUMEI 1 1 1 WiШam Haglund, Ph.D. 1 Senior Forensic Advisor Intemational Criminal Tribunal for the Foпner Yugoslavia 1 and the Staff of Phys:idans for Human Rights, Boston Е t June 15, 1998 Е Phys:iclans for Human Rights 1 100 Boylston Street, Suite 702 Boston, Musadausetts 02116 USA Tel. (617) 695-0041 1 Fax. ( бl 7) 695-0307 E-mail: [email protected] 1 http://www.phmsa.org 1. Е 1 ... " 01493691 Table of Contents с VOLUMEI 1. EXECUТIVE SUMMARY ..... ..... .......... ...................... vii 1. 11 INТRODUCПON ........................ ............................ 1 111. SIТE REPORT: EXCAVATION AND EXНUMAТION OF ТНЕ CERSКA ........ 2 1 А. General Methods .......................... .. ... .. ............ 2 1. Mapping ......................... .......... .- ........... 2 2. Photography ......... .................................. З 1 З. Evidence ............................. ............ ...... 4 В . Field Report: Exhumation of the Cerska Grave . ...... .. ...... .......... 5 1. Site Description . ............ .................. .. .. .. 5 1 2. Site Preparation .......... ..... ... .... .. ..... ...... .... 5 З. Recovery of Surface Evidence ... .. ...... .. .. ... .. 5 1 4. Excavation ....................... ..... ..... ..... .... 11 5. Exhumation ................................. ........... 11 6. Comments оп Excavation lssues .. ... .......... ....... .. 23 1 а. Security ... ..... ................ .... ... ... .... 23 Ь. Commingling ...... ...... .. ... .. ............... 23 с. Unassociated Remains ......... ... .. .. .. .... ...... 24 ю d. U nassociated Clothing ......... ..... .... ........... 25 е. NumЬering of Removal Units, •Ћоdу NumЬers" .. .. .. ... 25 ~ 7. Summary .......................................... .... 28 IV. РОSТМОRТЕМ EXAМINATIONS ... " ... .... " ..................... ЗО А. General Methods . ............. ... .. ................... ...... 30 ~ 1. Photography .. .. ............ ............ .. .... ... .. 30 2. Evidence Collection and Storage . 30 3. Autopsy Examination ................. ..... .. .. .. ........ 32 1 а. Radiologic Examination . ....... ....... ............ .. 32 Ь. Photography: .. ......... .................. ..... 32 1 с . Clothing and Personal Effects .... ...... .......... ... .. 33 d. External Examination .. .... ... ........... .. .. 33 е. Intemal Examination ... .... .. ........ .. .. 33 ~ f. Specimens and Evidence Collected . .. .. .. ......... 39 4. Anthropological Examination . ...................... ....... 39 а. Skeletal Elements Examined ..... ... ........ .. ... .. 39 1 Ь. Sex Determination .......... ........... .... ....... 40 с. Age Estimation ...... .. ..... ...... ................. 41 [ 01493692 ii d. Stature ........ ... ............ ... .......... ... 41 е . Ancestry .. ..... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .... ... .. .. 41 ~ f. Trauma . ... ..... .. .. .. ........ .... .. .. .. 41 g. Handedness ... ................ .. ...... .. .. .. 42 ш h. Unique Characteristics . ... .. .... .. .......... .. .. 42 i Dental Charting .. .. .. ..... .... ............... .. 42 В. Summary of Examination Findings .. ............ ............. .. 43 1 1. NumЬer of Individuals, Age, Sex . ....................... .. .. 43 2. Clothing and Personal Effects . ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. 50 3. External Examinations . ........ .. .. ... .. .. .......... 50 1 4. lnternal Examinations ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ..... .. .. 50 5. Additional Findings: Ligatures . .. ...................... .. ... 50 6. Description of Trauma ... .......................... .. 51 1 7. Cause and Manner of Death .. ......... .... .............. 51 8. Pathology Sumrnary .. .... ... ... ..... ... ..... .. .. 52 D v. IDENТIFICATTON OF VICТIMS ..... " . ....... .. " " . " " " .. " . .. 53 А Evidence of Religious Atfiliation .. ... .. ......... ... ... ...... 53 1 В. Personal ldentification ...................... .. .......... .... 53 VI. SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS ..... " . " . .. .. " ... .. " " " .... .. 56 А . The Grave . ......... .. ..... .. .. ....... ... .. .. .. .... 56 1 В . Tirne Since Death and Circumstances of Disposition .. .... ... .. ........ 56 С . Numhers of Individuals, Sex, Age and Ancestry . ... ..... .. ... .. ... 56 Е D. Cause and Manner of Death .. .. ... .. .... .... ... ......... ..... .. 57 Е. ldentification of Victims ...... ......... ...................... 57 t VOLUМEII Appendix А : Photographic Documentation t 1. Exhumation Site: Photographic Log for Slides and Prints 2. Examination Area: Photographic Log for Prints 3. Exarnination Area: Photographic Log for Slides 1 4. Examination Area: Video Log for Clothing Appendix. В : Evidence 1 1. Evidence Collected а. Evidence Log: Cerska Exhumation Site Ь. Evidence Log: Кa1esija Examination Site 1 с. Translation of Documents 2. Disposition of Evidence and Human Remains, Tracking and Transfer Documentation 1 а . Transfer of Evidence to IСГУ Representative John Gerns from PHR ~ с .... 01493693 ili Evidence Technician Tim Cuпan, SeptemЬer 12, 1996 Ь. Transfer of Evidence of items from Cerska. Nova Кasava, Lazete 2, and Pilica to ICTY Representative Stephanie Frease trom PHR Evidence Technician Tim Cuпan, Novemher 17, 1996 с. Transfer of Evidence to IСГУ Repre~entative William А Stuebner fi-om IСТУ Mission Coordinator Andrew Тhomson, February 7, 1997; and from William А Stuebner to IСТУ Representative Stephanie Frease, February 10, 1997 d. Transfer of Human Remains and Clothing to Bosnian Representative Amor Masovic from IСТУ Representative Andrew Тhomson, OctoЬer 7, 1996 е . Transfer of Personal Effects to Bosnian Representative Amor Masovic from ICTY Representative Andrew Тhomson, February 5, 1997 f. Transfer of Teeth and DNA Samples from PHR Evidence Technician Tim Cuпan to PHR International Forensic Program Director, RoЬert Н. Кirschner, M.D., Septemher 7, 1996 1 g. Certification ofCause and Manner of Death Certificate, OctoЬer 9, 1996 h. Transfer of Teeth and DNA Samples from PHR International Forensic Program Director Rohert Н. Кirschner, M.D" to PHR Geneticist Michele 1 Harvey. Ph.D., Septemher 7, 1996 = VOLUMEIII Appendix С: Examination Documents 1. Pathology Summary 1 2. Autopsy Reports, Cases CSK-1 through CSK-50 с VOLUMEIV Appendix С: Examination Documents, continued ; 2. Autopsy Reports, Cases CSK-51 through CSK-1 ОО 1 VOLUМEV Appendix С: Examination Documents, continued 1 2. Autopsy Reports, Cases CSK-101 through CSK-154 1 ~ [ .... 01493694 lV ,.. List of Figures . ' Figure 1 (А) Overall map of eastern Bosnia and Herz.egovina, with general Iocale of the - Cerska grave site. (В) Close-up of the Cerska area with location ot' the Cerska grave site (grid reference CQ 473004) ................................ 6 Figure 2 Eastward view ot· the road leading through the area ot· the Cerska grave sitc. (А) Photograph, ove1·all site Ьet'ore processing. (В) Photograph, inset showing the cut from which fill was removed to bury remains on the opposite side ot· the road ... 7 Figure 3 Topographical map of the Cerska grave site showing positions ot' surtace evidence and victim locations via crania .... .. ........ .... ........... ...... 8 t Figure 4 Photograph, westward view of the Cerska grave site, айеr cleaгing vegctation 1·rom the surface of the grave. NumЬered yellow markers indicate zone marke1·s. in ...r meters, from the eastern extremity of the grave ......................... 1О Figurc 5 Overview ot· the section ot· the grave containing individuals CSK-44 through 50. (А) Photograph, delineated remains showing their context in the grave. (В) Photograph, close-up demonstrating fragmentation 01· crania CSK-46 due to high velocity gunshot wound. (С) Photograph, fractured tibla ot' individual CSK-48. (D) Photograph, snarl of wire recovered in proximity to individual CSK-48 and consistent with ligatures . 14 Figure 6 Мар of the Cerska grave site, enlarged from Figure (3) showing cranial locations . 15 с Figure 7 Case example CSK-52, cranium of а middle-aged male who died 01· multiple gunshot wounds. (А) Photograph, entrance wound. (В) Photograph, exit wounds. (С) Close-up, exit wound, right tempo-parietal Ьоnе. (D) Close-up, exit wound, right occipital bone..................................... 34 Figure 8 Photograph, case example CSK-52, fractured mandiЫe . ................ 35 Figure 9 Photograph, case exarnple CSK-52 femurs, left 1·ractured ........... ..... 35 Figure 10 (А) Photograph, case exarnple CSK-52, overview ot" personal etiects and projectiles. (В) Photograph, overview of clothing ot· CSK-52. (С) Photograph, close-up of cigarettle lighter of CSK-52 .............................. 36 Figure 11 Photograph, case exarnple CSK-20, occlusal view of maxillary dentition with dental appliance in situ ........................................... 37 t r " 01493695 !1111 ! v Figure 12 Anthropology, case example CSK-52. (А) Photograph, pubic symphysis (27-66 yrs.) (В) Photograph, rib (26-32 yrs.) (С) Photograph inset, distal end of rib from Photo В . ...... ... .. ... ...... ... .. .. .. ... .... 38 Figure 13 Chart, age range distribution ... ............... .. .... .. 43 Figure 14 Chart, mean age distribution . .. .. .................... .. .. ...... 43 Figure 15 Diagram, frequency of trauma, Ьу affected region, expressed as percent .... 51 Figure 16 Chart, cause of death, Ьу affected region, expressed as percent . ........ .. 52 Е 1 1 1 с t ,.. " 01493696 f- • V1 ,._ List of ТаЫеs ' ; ~· ТаЫе 1