Soteras™ MSi Binder innovative anode binder for higher-capacity lithium ion batteries Soteras™ MSi is a unique binder for high-capacity silicon-based anodes in lithium ion batteries. It can easily be processed using standard industry practices. Soteras MSi binder’s ability to control swelling results in superior cycle performance at capacities greater than 400 mAh/g when used with silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon composite (SiC), silicon oxide composite (SiOxC), or silicon graphene (Si-Gr) technologies. Soteras™ MSi benefits Significant expansion/ contraction managementSilicon oxide composite anode of 420 mAh/g Silicon composite (SiC) anode of 450 mAh/g Cycle performance SiC 450 mAh/g anode: - Flexible and strongCycle binderperformance of SiOxC 420 mAh/g anode: Soteras™ MSi binder vs CMC+SB Electrochemical stabilitySoteras™ MSi binder vs CMC+SB - Functional groups of binder that can interact physically/ chemically with Si particles and/or Si/C composites Good slurry properties ™ ™ Soteras MSi binder Capacity retention after 100 cycles is >90% and stability Soteras MSi binder Capacity retention after 100 cycles is >90% Capacity Retention % Compatible withCapacity Retention % CMC+SB binder (CMC+SB is less than 70%) CMC+SB binder (CMC+SB is less than 80%) current industry processing requirements Cycle Number Cycle Number *Coin half cell test; loading = 5mg/cm2; cycle C-rate = C/3 *Coin half cell test; loading = 5mg/cm2; cycle C-rate = C/3 We at Ashland are passionate, tenacious, solvers who thrive on developing practical, innovative, and elegant solutions to complex problems in lithium ion battery manufacturing, always pushing the boundaries of what’s possible, and Silicon-Grapheneadvancing the competitiveness (Si-Gr) anode of of our 600 customers mAh/g in the battery industry. Our people bring exceptionalCycle performance product knowledge, of Si-Graphene technical 600 mAh/g support anode: and industry insights to help our customers amplify the efficacy, refineSoteras the™ MSi usability binder, vsadd CMC+SB to the allure, ensure the integrity, and improve the profitability of their products and applications. Improved performance at high C-rate Independent data from Münster Electrochemical Energy Technology (MEET): SiC anode of 700mAh/g with FEC electrolyte additive 900 1 ™ - Soteras MSi binder g 800 Capacity Retention % * CMC+SB binder C/10 h C/5 C/10 700 C/2 C/10 mA C/5 C/10 / 1C 600 C/2 Cycle Number 1C*Coin half cell test; loading = 2 mg/cm2; cycle C-rate = C/3 1C 500 2C Binder loading level 5.0% w/w based on active 400 2C fic capacity 5C 300 peci S 5C 200 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Cycle Number 1M LiPF 6 EC:DMC 1:1 + 5% FEC electrolyte additive Why Soteras MSi is the binder of choice for silicon-containing anodes Silicon oxide composite anode of 420 mAh/g SiliconSilicon compositeoxide composite (SiC) anode anode of of 450 420 mAh/g mAh/g Silicon composite (SiC) anode of 450 mAh/g Better capacity retention for multiple silicon types Cycle performance SiC 450 mAh/g anode: CycleCycle performance performance of SiCSiOxC 450 420 mAh/g mAh/g anode: anode: Cycle performance of SiOxC 420 mAh/g anode: ™ ™ Soteras™ MSi binder vs CMC+SB Soteras MSi binder vs CMC+SB Soteras™ MSi binder vs CMC+SB Soteras MSi binder vs CMC+SB Silicon oxide composite anode of 420 mAh/g Silicon composite (SiC) anode of 450 mAh/g Cycle performance of SiOxC 420 mAh/g anode: Cycle performance SiC 450 mAh/g anode: Soteras™ MSi binder vs CMC+SB Soteras™ MSi binder vs CMC+SB 120% 120% 100% 100% 80% 80% ™ ™ Soteras MSi binder Capacity retention after 100 cycles is >90% Soteras MSi binder Capacity retention after 100 cycles is >90% Soteras™ MSi binder Soteras™ MSi binder Capacity Retention % Capacity retention after 100 cycles is >90% Capacity Retention % Capacity retention after 100 cycles is >90% 60% 60% CMC+SB binder (CMC+SB is less than 70%) CMC+SB binder (CMC+SB is less than 80%) Capacity Retention % Capacity Retention % CMC+SB binder (CMC+SB is less than 70%) CMC+SB binder (CMC+SB is less than 80%) 40% 40% Cycle Number Cycle Number Cycle Number Cycle Number 20% Soteras™ MSi binder 20% *Coin halfSoteras cell™ MSitest; binder loading = 5mg/cm2; cycle C-rate = C/3 *Coin half cell test; loading = 5mg/cm2; cycle C-rate = C/3 *Coin half cell test; loadingCapacity = 5mg/cm retention2; aftercycle 100 C-ratecycles is >90%= C/3 *Coin half cell test; loadingCapacity = 5mg/cm retention2 after; cycle 100 cycles C-rate is >90% = C/3 Capacity Retention % Capacity Retention % CMC+SB binder (CMC+SB is less than 70%) CMC+SB binder (CMC+SB is less than 80%) 0% 0% 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 Cycle Number Cycle Number *Coin half cell test; loading = 5mg/cm2; cycle C-rate = C/3 *Coin half cell test; loading = 5mg/cm2; cycle C-rate = C/3 Silicon-Graphene (Si-Gr) anode of 600 mAh/g IndependentSilicon-Graphene data from (Si-Gr) Münster anode Electrochemical of 600 mAh/g Energy Technology (MEET): SiC anode of Cycle700mAh/g performance with of FEC Si-Graphene electrolyte 600 additivemAh/g anode: Cycle performance of Si-Graphene 600 mAh/g anode: ™ ™ Soteras MSi binder vs CMC+SB Soteras MSi binder vs CMC+SB 800 120% 1 Silicon-Graphene (Si-Gr) anode of 600 mAh/g - 100% h*g 700 Cycle performance of Si-Graphene 600 mAh/g anode: A ™ 80% Soteras MSi binder vs CMC+SB ty / m 600 i c 60% apa 500 40% c fi i c 400 Soteras™ MSi binder 20% ™ pe Soteras MSi binder Capacity Retention % S CMC+SB binder Capacity Retention % CMC+SB binder 0% 300 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 20 40 60 80 100 CycleCycle Number Number Cycle Number Cycle Number 2 ™ *Coin half cell test; loading = 2 mg/cm ; cycle C-rate = C/3 *Coin halfSoteras cell test; MSi binder loading = 2 mg/cm2; cycle C-rate = C/3 1M LiPLiPFF 6 EC:EC:DMC DMC 1:1 1:1 ++ 5%5% FEC FEC Capacity Retention % Binder loading6 level 5.0% w/w based on active BinderCMC+SB loading binder level 5.0% w/w based on active Cycle Number *Coin half cell test; loading = 2 mg/cm2; cycle C-rate = C/3 Binder loading level 5.0% w/w based on active Product Specifications Commercially available Soteras™ MSi binder grades Product Component Appearance Viscosity (cPs) pH Moisture (%) Name 7,000-11,0001 MSi-A White Powder 6.5-8.5 0-10 Soteras™ (2% solution) MSi Binder 1,550-2,1501 MSi-B Clear Liquid N/A N/A (100% solution) 1 Brookfield, spindle #4 at 30 rpm Ashland Soteras™ MSi binder is a 2-component system, which can be used to replace conventional CMC and SB binder systems. - Suggested Dosage: 2.5-5wt% of anode active material, depending on target capacity ™ ™ - Ratio: Soteras MSi-A (95%): Soteras MSi-B (5%) ™ - Soteras MSi-B is NOT a latex A detailed slurry preparation guide is available upon request. Ensures less swelling Soteras MSi binder controls swelling as determined Soteras MSi controls swelling compared to reference by SEM after first full lithiation CMC+SB binder in a silicon oxide composite anode of 1500 mAh/g ™ Reference 50% Soteras70% MSi CMC+SB With Si-Gr With SiOx Soteras MSi-A 60% Soteras MSi 40% 50% 30% 40% 20% 30% Swelling % Swelling % 20% 10% uniform,10% less Lessexpansion swelling withchunky, cross-linked more expansion Soteras system 0% 0% Soteras™ MSi CMC+SB Soteras™ MSi CMC+SB 0 1 2 3 4 Cycle Number The cells with Soteras MSi binder have less swelling, Using a cell with a sensitive micrometer enables thus are able to handle the large volume change of insight on™ cycling Si-based anode during Li+ insertion. Soteras MSi CMC+SB Connected to a BTS channel to permit electrochemical and in-situ thickness information Control of cell expansion: C-rate Dependence --minimizes degradative mechanisms --minimizes new SEI formation for better cycle life 100 cycles smooth 100 cycles delaminated Better Adhesion Contributes to Longer Cycle Life Soteras™ MSi binder Excellent rate capability Capacity mAh/g SEM imageCMC+SB of Si-Gr binder anodecompared after to CMC+SB first lithiation C-rate ™ Soteras MSi Soteras MSi CMC+SBCMC+SB X500 X500 400 cycles smooth 100 cycles delaminated uniform, less expansion chunky, more expansion LiB coin cell using Si composite LiB coin cell using Si graphene Soteras MSi CMC+SB Soteras MSi CMC+SB 100 cycles smooth 100 cycles delaminated 400 cycles smooth 100 cycles delaminated Ashland locations supporting the LiB industry Wilmington Delaware, U.S.A. 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