11/7/2018 Lab Week 7 Part 1 Radius and Ulna Part 1 Activities 1. Observe bones and structures from list 2. Bones of the Forearm worksheet in packet 3. Bones of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs worksheet in packet Part 2 Femur, Tibia, & Fibula 1 11/7/2018 Part 2 Activities 1. Observe bones and structures from list 2. Bones of the Lower Limbs worksheet in packet 3. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs worksheet in packet Functions of the Skull • Support • Movement Part 3 • Protection Skull Notes may be found in your packet: SS 27-28 The Skull The Skull 22 bones, 2 groups 2. Facial bones (14 bones) 1. Cranial bones (8) • Framework of face • Enclose the brain in the cranial cavity • Cavities for special sense organs of sight, taste, and • Provide sites of attachment for head and neck muscles smell • • Provide support Openings for air and food passage • Sites of attachment for teeth and muscles of facial expression 2 11/7/2018 Sutures Bones of cranium (cranial vault) • Immovable joints Coronal suture – Become more complex with age Squamous • Fontanelles suture – Soft regions of connective tissue holding bones together at birth • Permits – Brain growth Lambdoid Facial suture bones – Entry into birth canal Occipitomastoid – Normally replaced by bone by about 1 year of age suture Cranial and facial divisions of the skull Foramina Sinuses • Allow passage of blood vessels and nerves • Cavities lined with mucous membranes & ciliated epithelium – • About 85 named openings (foramina, canals, Frontal sinus – Sphenoidal sinus fissures) – Maxillary sinus • Largest is the foramen magnum – Ethmoid air cells • Functions – Lighten the skull – Resonation chambers for the voice • Sinusitis Paranasal Sinuses Cranial and Facial Bones Frontal sinus Frontal Cranial Bones Facial Bones Ethmoidal sinus air cells Ethmoidal • Frontal bone • Mandible (sinus) air cells Sphenoid Sphenoid • Parietal bones (2) • Maxillary bones (maxillae) sinus sinus (2) Maxillary Maxillary • Occipital bone sinus sinus • Temporal bones (2) • Zygomatic bones (2) • Sphenoid bone • Nasal bones (2) • Ethmoid bone • Lacrimal bones (2) • Palatine bones (2) (a) Anterior aspect (b) Medial aspect • Vomer • Inferior nasal conchae (2) 3 11/7/2018 Coronal suture Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Parietal bone (greater wing) Ethmoid bone Temporal bone Lacrimal bone Lambdoid suture Squamous suture Nasal bone Occipital bone Zygomatic Zygomatic bone process Maxilla Occipitomastoid suture External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Alveolar Styloid process margins Mandibular condyle Mandible Mandibular notch Mental foramen Mandibular ramus Mandibular angle Coronoid process External anatomy of the right side of the skull Frontal bone Ethmoid Cribriform plate Frontal bone Crista galli bone Parietal bone Olfactory foramina Optic canal Sphenoid Lesser wing Greater wing Nasal bone Sphenoid bone Hypophyseal fossa of sella turcica Temporal bone Ethmoid bone Internal acoustic meatus Lacrimal bone Middle nasal Temporal bone Zygomatic bone concha Ethmoid Perpendicular bone Maxilla plate Foramen magnum Mandible View Vomer Mental Parietal bone foramen Occipital bone Anterior view Superior view of the skull, calvaria removed 4 11/7/2018 Part 3 Activities 1. Observe bones and structures from list 2. Label skull diagram provided 3. The Skull worksheet in packet 5.