International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2020 Vol. 4, Issue 10, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 287-298 Published Online February 2020 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com) ANALYSIS OF GENDER DISAGGREGATED VEGETABLES VALUE CHAIN IN YAYU AND HURUMU DISTRICTS, ILLUABABORA ZONE, ETHIOPIA Banchamlak Hegena (M.sc) Adugna Eneyew (PhD. Candidate) Department of Agribusiness and Value Chain Department of Rural Development, College of Management, College of Agriculture and Natural Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma Resource, Wolkite University, Ethiopia University, Ethiopia. Abstract: This study aimed at Analyzing gender I. INTRODUCTION disaggregated vegetables value chain in Yayu and Hurumu districts of Illuababora zone, south west Agriculture is the mainstay of Ethiopian economy Ethiopia with specific objectives of examining the role contributing about 40% of the GDP, 72.7% of employment of men and women in the vegetables value chain and and 81% of the export (UNDP, 2015). Horticultural crops assessing distribution of benefit among actors in play a significant role in Ethiopia, both in income and vegetable value chain. The primary data for this study social spheres for improving income and nutrition status. were collected from 117 cabbage and onion farmers, 37 Further, it provides employment opportunities as their traders and 31 consumers through appropriate management being labour intensive, and Ethiopia is a statistical procedures. The study shows that both men labour abundant and capital scarce country. Demand for and women are involved in vegetables production and horticultural products tends to grow very rapidly with marketing activities through 88% of the marketing of urbanization and increased income. Ethiopia earns around vegetables were done by women. The value chain (US$45.9 million) from fruit and vegetables exports in analysis reveals that the major actors in the districts 2013/14 (EIC, 2015). are input problem and lack of government support as the major problems. The reason could be low Vegetables are sources of vitamins, minerals and income production habit and small land allocation for for those involved in production and marketing. Its vegetables and institutional weakness. Average shares production gives an opportunity for intensive production of profit of local collectors, wholesalers and retailers and increases male and female farmer’s participation in the were 29.3%, 42.5% and 12.7% and 23.5%,34%, 10.1% market (Emana and Gebremedihin, 2007). In Ethiopia, the in male and female actors, respectively, from the sales area under these crops (vegetables and root vegetables) of one kilogram cabbage. This reveals that wholesalers was estimated to be 356688.2; hectares with a total benefited more than other actors. Average shares of production of 60569544.25 Qt in the year profit of wholesalers and retailers were 18.8% and 2014/15.Vegetables took up about 0.98 % of the area under 29.6% and 18.2%, 28.6% in male and female actors, all crops at national level (CSA, 2015). respectively, from the sales of one kilogram onion. This asserts that retailers benefit more than other actors. Rural women in Ethiopia represent a tremendous Therefore, policy aiming at improving actors access to productive resource in the agricultural sector. In improved extension service and empower women to comparison to men, women are major contributors to the enhance vegetable value chain in study area is crucial agricultural workforce, either as family members or in their empower women to enhance vegetable value chain in own right as women heading households. However, despite study area is crucial. many recent initiatives, a mixture of economic constraints, Keywords: Actors, Gender, Value chain, Vegetables, cultural norms and practices continue to limit women’s Yayu and Hurumu. contribution to household food security and, to a lesser extent, inhibit the commercialization of the sector (PASDEP, 2005). 287 International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2020 Vol. 4, Issue 10, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 287-298 Published Online February 2020 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com) Specific to the study areas in 2014/15 production year, The study collected data on different variables, 173,064.00smallholder farmers were engaged in vegetable demographic and socioeconomic characteristics like (age, production,and1,069,692.39Qt of vegetables were education level, gender, occupation household income, and produced in Illuababora Zones (CSA, 2015).Vegetable transport material ownership), institutional factors like production has significant contribution in supporting (access to credit, access to extension service and road household income and used as source of food in both infrastructure) and market factors like (prices of output, districts. In these two districts, different vegetables are market information, marketing experience, and distance to grown with different intensities depending on the market). Survey was made to obtain this information. environmental condition and level of marketability. The study was requiring both qualitative and quantitative data and demand information from different sources of Analyses of gender disaggregated vegetable value chain primary and secondary databases. Primary data were are vital to improve the vegetable value chain. It has a collected by using surveys. The survey was undertaken significant role in improving household income, nutrition through formal interviews with sample farmers (male and and food security. Despite the enormous merits and women) and in addition data from sampled traders, support potentials, there is no empirical evidence to inform service providers, and consumers was collected using agricultural practitioners in the study areas on the role of semi- structured questionnaire through Key Informant gender in the vegetable value chain and benefit distribution Interview and Focus Group Discussions. The secondary of actors in study areas. data sources were documents of published/unpublished reports, websites and articles Objectives of the study The general objective of the study is to analyze vegetables Sampling Procedure and Sample Size Determination value chain in gender perspective in the study areas. This study site was chosen by NutriHAF project. As Yayu The specific objectives of the study were; and Hurumu districts were the two NutriHAF 1. To examine the roles of men and women in vegetables implementation district in south west Ethiopia. The two production and marketing. districts were selected purposively based on the aim of the 2. To assess distribution of benefit among actors in project. Based on the objectives of the project, it was vegetable value chain. implemented on two kebeles in Yayu and two kebeles in Hurumu districts. Therefore, this study was based on pre- II. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY selected four kebeles from the two districts. Description of Study Areas Table 1: Sampling frame Yayu and hurumu District: Two of the districts in the Distri Select Veg Proport Sampled No. Total Illuababora zone of Oromia region. Yayu forest is recently ct ed etab ion registered by the government of Ethiopia as United Nations kebele le Male Fem Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization s prod farm ale (UNESCO) biosphere reserve sites for biodiversity ucer ers farm conservation including wild coffee gene pools. (YW, s ers 2016). Yayu Gechi 745 0.33 22 17 39 Bond 536 0.23 15 12 27 o Megel a Huru Gaba 526 0.23 14 13 27 mu Wang 480 0.21 13 11 24 egne Total 228 1 64 53 117 7 Figure: 1. Geographical location of the study areas To develop sampling frame for vegetable producer of Source: GIS. Sketch by Getinet Seid. selected rural kebeles three stage sampling technique were employed. In the first stage by consultation with DAs of Types, Sources and Methods of Data Collection the selected kebeles the respective farmers were stratified 288 International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2020 Vol. 4, Issue 10, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 287-298 Published Online February 2020 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com) as vegetable producers and non-producers. In second stage s of sampling procedure, the sampling frame was stratified Retailers 1 15 1 13 30 as male and female farmers. Finally, sample farmers were Collector 1 1 2 selected randomly based on proportional to the population Consumers 4 12 3 12 31 size from the selected kebeles (Table1). To identify the Source: Own survey results, 2018. respondent random lottery method was applied on fresh list of vegetable growers. Methods of data analysis The sample size was 117 respondents (53 females, Descriptive statistics 64males) who were selected from the 2 kebeles in Yayu Data from the field were edited, coded, and cleaned to and 2 kebeles in Hurumu districts based on proportional to ensure consistency, uniformity, and accuracy and analyzed the population size of vegetable producers. This sample by using both SPSS version 20 and STATA version 13. size was determined by using Yamane (1967) formula. Maps were used to analyze the survey data collected from smallholder vegetable farmers, collectors/assemblers, In addition to the purpose of the study and population size, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. three criteria usually were needed to be specified to determine the appropriate sample size: the level of Analysis of the role of gender in vegetable value chain precision (e), the level of confidence or risk (Z), and the at producer level Harvard Analytical Framework is a degree of variability (p) in