9URf~U 0~ MHJfil L.18RARV SPO."Af\IE.. ~ASM . DEPARTMENT _OF THE .INTERIOR JUN = 21971 · F:RANKLIN K. LANE, Serretary · p( f A S f ~ fY U el i\1 "" .UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 10 llBUA~\1 · GEORGE OTis SMITH, Director Professional Paper 100-B rrHE COAL FIEI~DS OF THE ·uNITED·. STATES THE COAL FIELDS· OF OHIO BY J. A. BOWNOCKER STATE GEOLOGIST WITH A COl\fPUTATION OF THE ORIGINAL COAL CONTENT ..OF THE FIELDS BY F. R. CLARK Professional Paper 100, pages 35-96 Published October 29, 1917 WASHINGTON LIBRAR'JJ GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1917 811QfAtf OF MfNii· ~tBRARV SPO"AN~. hASH. JUN- 21971 1;'~ PltASf. 'l.fTOIR tO l·IBR,lll 0\{\. 72 3656 3 09 1 I CONTENTS. Page. Introduction ................ ·.................................. ·, ................................ ~ ........ 35 Ac kno\v ledgn1en ts ..................· ..................................................................... 35 Location, extent, and producti<;m: ......· .................... , .... •........ .'.......................... 35 Topography and accessibility ...... ·................................................... ~ .............. 35 Geologic structure ............ • ............................................................· ......... 36 1.'he coal·beds ................· .......................................................................... 37 Cfeneral features .................................................................................... 37 Coal beds in the Pottsv.ille formation .................................. : ......... ~ .................... 37 O·eneral features ......................................................................... ·........ 37 Sharon (No. 1) coal bed ......... .' ................................................... : ............ 37 Quakertown (No. 2) coal bed ............ , .......................... ,. ........................... 39 Mercer (Nos. 3 and 3a) coal beds ......· ........................................................ : . 40 Tionesta (No. 3b) coal bed .......................................... , ............................ 42. Coal beds in the Allegheny formation ................................................................ 4.2: General features ..................... : ................. : ......................................... 42 1 43- ~;:r~~:i~;o~~~) ~o~~~ e~~~--- ~::::::::::: :·:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :·:: :-:::::::::::::::::::: 45 Lower Kittanning (No.5) coal bed .............................................................. 47 Middle Kittanning (No. 6) coal bed ............................................................ .. 49· Lower Freeport (No. 6a) coal bed ................................................................ 55· U ppet Freeport (No. 7) coal bed ...............................· .................................. 57 Coal beds in the Conemaugh formation ....................... : ......................· ................. ()0 Coal heels in the Monongahela formation .............................................................. 62 G-eneral features ............· ..................................................................... 62 Pittsburgh (No.8) coal bed .................... : .........................................· ........ 62 General features .................................................................. : : ........ : . 62 Behnont field ........................................................· ...................... :. 6~ Area between Belmont and 'Federal Creek fields ..................... ~ ........................ GS: Federal Creek field .............................................. ·.· ................... :: .... 6!) s,van Creek field ............................................................................ 7() Pomeroy (No. Sa) coal heel ............ .- .................................. .·: ...... : . ............. 71 Meigs Creek (No. 9) coal heel ....... : ...................................... ~ ..................... 72 Uniontown and Waynesburg coal beds ..................... ·............................... ·......... ·. 80 Coal beds of the Dunkard group .................................................................... 81 Co\nposition of Ohio coals ........ ·....................... ·............................................... 82 Uses of Ohio coals ............................... : .................. .' ...............· ...................... 85 Range of the coals .....· ............................................................................. 85 Coke ......................... ····-·---················:.·······:.··············· .. :·······.·.········· 86 Ra\\~ coal for furnace use ................................................................~ ........· .... 86 Domestic use .............. _...................................................................... · ... 86 G·as making ..................... ·................ _.................... : ............................... 86 Steam raising ......................................................................................... 87 l3ibliography .......................................................................................... 88 Original coal content ofthe fields, by Frank R. Clark ..................... , ......... ·....... · . _. ....... ,. ..... 88 Introduction ....................... .' ............................................................... 88 Data on which estimates are based ........... .- .................................... : ................. 89 Methods of computation .................................... ~ ..................· ..................... 89 '£he estimates ...................................................................................... 00 Index .......••.................._ ............... ·............................. : ....... ~ ................. v III ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. PLATE II. Map of Ohio showing outcrop of Upper Freeport (No. 7) and Pittsb~gh (No. S) coal beds or horizons ................................ ~ ............................· ... : ......·.. In pocket. t' III. Map of the Hocking Valley coal field (Middle Kittanning or No.6 coal bed), southeastern Ohio.... 52 IV. A, Upper Freeport coal b,ed in creek bank, Salineville, ·columbiana County, Ohio; B, Shaft mine on Pittsburgh coal bed at Lafferty, Belmont County, Ohio................................. 56 V. Map of the Cambridg~ coal field (Upper· Freeport coal bed), eastern Ohio ........... :.......... 58 VI. A, Quarry in Mahoning sandstone member near Corning, Perry County, Ohio; B, Brush Creek limestone member of the Conemaugh formation near Dexter, Meigs County, Ohio............... GO . VII. Map of the Belmont coal field (Pittsburgh or No.8 coal bed); eastern Ohio...................... fi4 VIII. A, Stripping Pittsburgh coal in Jefferson County, Ohio, with a steam shovei; B, Same. strip pit as shown in A after overburden has been removed ............. .". Gl:> IX. Map of the Pomeroy·coal field (Pomeroy or No. Sa-coal bed), southeastern Ohio .. ·................ 72 FIGURE 4. Sections of Sharon(No.l) coal bed, in Lawrence township, Stark County, northwest of Massillon, Ohio 38 5. Section of Sharon (No. 1) coal bed, Jackson, Jackson County, Ohio ..... : .... :................... 39 6. Sectionsof Quakertown,(No. 2) coal bed, in Jackson County, Ohio ................. ·.· ........ ~.. 40 7. Sections of Lower Mercer (No. 3) coal bed, in Ohio ............... :............................ 41 8. Sections of Upper Mercer (No. 3a) coal bed, in Ohio.~ ..... ~ ................... ·......... ·_..... 41 9. Sections of Brookville (No. 4) coal bed, iii Stark County, Ohio ..... : .................... : ... ~ .... · 43 · 10. Sections of Brookville (No.4) coal bed, in Ohio................................................ 44 11. Sections of Clarion (No. 4a) coal bed, in Law-rence County, Ohio................................. 46 12. Sections of Clarion (No. 4a) coal bed, in Ohio.................................................. 46 13. Sections of Lower Kittanning (No.5) coal bed, in Ohio .................................. ·........ 47 14. Sections of Lower Kittanning (No.5) coal bed, in Ohio:......................................... 48 15. Sections of Lower Kittanning (No.5) coal bed, in Ohio.......................................... 48 16. Sections of Lower Kittanning (No. 5) coal bed, in Lawrence County, Ohio ..................... :. 49 17. Sections ofMiddle Kittanning (No.6) coal bed, in Ohio ... :..................................... 50 1S.. Sections of Middle Kittanning (No. 6) coal bed, in Tuscarawas County, Ohio...................... 50 19. Sections of Middle Kittanning (No. 6) coal bed, in Tuscarawas County, Ohio...................... 50 20. Sections of Middle Kittanning (No.6) coal bed,.in Coshocton County, Ohio ........... ;........... 51 21. Sections of Middle Kittanning (No. 6) coal bed, in Coshocton County, Ohio......................... 51 .22. SeCtions of Middle Kittanning (No. 6) coal bed, in Muskingum County, Ohio...................... 52 23. Sections of Middle Kittanning (No. 6) coal bed, in Perry County, Ohio ........ :.................. 52 24. Sections of Middle Kittanning (No.6) coal bed, in Athens County, Ohio ... ~ ......... .- .. ·......... 53 25. Sections of Middle Kittanning (No.6) coal bed, in Athens County, Ohio......................... 53 26. Sections of Middle Kittanning (No. 6) coal bed, in Ohio.......................................... 54 27. Sections of Middle Kittanning (No.6) coal bed, in Gallia and Lawrence counties, Ohio:·........... 55 2S. Sections of Lower