Appliance Administration Manual v8.3.8 Rev. 1.0.3 Copyright © Loadbalancer.org Table of Contents Chapter 1 – Introduction...............................................................................12 About this Manual....................................................................................................................................13 About the Appliance...............................................................................................................................13 Latest Version..................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Appliance Configuration Overview...................................................................................................13 Appliance Security...................................................................................................................................14 Ports Used by the Appliance................................................................................................................15 Additional Information...........................................................................................................................15 Deployment Guides......................................................................................................................................................... 15 Quick Start Guides............................................................................................................................................................ 17 Contacting Support.......................................................................................................................................................... 17 Chapter 2 – Load Balancing Concepts.....................................................18 Load Balancing – the Basics................................................................................................................19 Supported Protocols....................................................................................................................................................... 19 Layer 4 & Layer 7............................................................................................................................................................... 19 Load Balancing Algorithms..................................................................................................................19 Round Robin / Weighted Round Robin.....................................................................................................................19 Least Connection / Weighted Least Connection...................................................................................................19 Destination Hashing........................................................................................................................................................ 19 Real Server Agent.............................................................................................................................................................. 19 Layer 4 vs Layer 7....................................................................................................................................20 Other Considerations............................................................................................................................20 Does Your Application Cluster Correctly Handle its own State?......................................................................20 Replication Solutions for Shared Data.................................................................................................................21 Solutions for Session Data....................................................................................................................................... 21 Persistence (aka Affinity)........................................................................................................................................... 21 What do You do if Your Application is not Stateless?............................................................................................21 Loadbalancer.org Persistence Options...............................................................................................................22 What are Your Objectives?...................................................................................................................22 Loadbalancer.org Terminology..........................................................................................................23 What is a Virtual IP Address?......................................................................................................................................... 24 What is a Floating IP Address?...................................................................................................................................... 24 Chapter 3 – Topologies & Load Balancing Methods...........................25 One-Arm and Two-Arm Topologies.................................................................................................26 Supported Load Balancing Methods................................................................................................27 Direct Routing (DR).......................................................................................................................................................... 28 Network Address Translation (NAT)............................................................................................................................ 29 NAT Mode Packet re-Writing.................................................................................................................................. 30 Layer 4 Source Network Address Translation (L4 SNAT)......................................................................................31 Layer 7 Source Network Address Translation (L7 SNAT).......................................................................................31 Which Load Balancing Method Should I Use?..............................................................................33 Appliance Administration Manual v8.3.8 Mode Summary................................................................................................................................................................. 33 Our Recommendation.................................................................................................................................................... 33 Chapter 4 – Appliance Fundamentals......................................................34 The Hardware Appliance – Unpacking and Connecting..........................................................35 The Virtual Appliance – Hypervisor Deployment........................................................................36 Supported Hypervisors................................................................................................................................................... 36 Host Requirements.......................................................................................................................................................... 36 Downloading the Appliance......................................................................................................................................... 37 VMware Deployment....................................................................................................................................................... 37 VMware Tools.............................................................................................................................................................. 37 Hyper-V Deployment...................................................................................................................................................... 37 Linux Integration Services....................................................................................................................................... 38 KVM Deployment............................................................................................................................................................. 38 Nutanix Deployment....................................................................................................................................................... 39 XEN Deployment.............................................................................................................................................................. 39 Cloud Appliance Deployment...................................................................................................................................... 39 Configuring Initial Network Settings................................................................................................39 Using the Network Setup Wizard................................................................................................................................ 39 Using Linux Commands................................................................................................................................................. 41 Appliance Access & Configuration Methods.................................................................................42 Local Methods..................................................................................................................................................................