TEACHING CONTEMPORARY SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN HISTORY SOURCE BOOKS FOR HISTORY TEACHERS VOLUME 2 WARS, DIVISIONS, INTEGRATION (1990-2008) 281011_WARS-DIVISIONS-INTEGRATION_I.indd 1 ѥ Publisher: Center for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeast Europe (CDRSEE) English Language Editor: John White, Philip Carabott English Language Proofreader: Nerina Kioseoglou Page Layout: Ioanna Ghika Graphic Design: LYNX, Karavasiloglou Ioulia, Eressou 65, 10683, Athens, Greece Printing House: SAITI Publications S.A., Ermou 4, Metamorfosi 14452, Athens, Greece Print Run: 1,500 “This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.” CDRSEE Rapporteur to the Board for the Joint History Project: Costa Carras CDRSEE Executive Director: Zvezdana Kovac CDRSEE project team: Antonis Hadjiyannakis, Jenny Demetriou, Susan Nadeau, Ruth Sutton, Sasa Kulenovic, Michaela Zervidou and Elena Farini THE BOOK HAS BEEN PRODUCED ALSO WITH THE SUPPORT OF: Disclaimer: The designations employed and presentation of the material in the book do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the publisher (CDRSEE) nor on the sponsors. This book contains the views expressed by the authors in their individual capacity and may not necessarily reflect the views of the CDRSEE and the sponsoring agencies. The book is based on different contributions by our partners who provide content, warrant and represent that the content provided does not infringe any third party’s rights to the best of their knowledge. Therefore the publisher disclaims and is not liable for any relevant infringement of third party’s rights on content that has been contributed by the different partners. Copyright: Center for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeast Europe (CDRSEE) Krispou 9, Ano Poli, 546 34 Thessaloniki, Greece Tel: +30 2310 960820-1 Fax: +30 2310 960822 email: [email protected] web: www.cdrsee.org ISBN: 978-960-88963-8-3 281011_WARS-DIVISIONS-INTEGRATION_I.indd 2 ѥ TEACHING CONTEMPORARY SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN HISTORY SOURCE BOOKS FOR HISTORY TEACHERS VOLUME 2 WARS, DIVISIONS, INTEGRATION (1990-2008) Edited by CHRISTINA KOULOURI and BOŽO REPE Series Editor CHRISTINA KOULOURI Thessaloniki, 2016 281011_WARS-DIVISIONS-INTEGRATION_I.indd 3 ѥ 281011_WARS-DIVISIONS-INTEGRATION_I.indd 4 ѥ CONTENTS CHAPTER I. Collapse and Construction 1990-1992........................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 I.1 The end of the Cold War ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11 I.2 Political parties and elections ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 I.3 Proclamations of independence ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21 I.4 New symbols, currencies, flags........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29 CHAPTER II. The Disintegration of Yugoslavia ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 36 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37 II.1. The path to disintegration ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 41 II.2. The wars of 1991-1995 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 47 II.3. The siege of Sarajevo ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 60 II.4. Camps ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 64 II.5. The wars of 1998-2001 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 66 II.6. Atrocities and ethnic cleansing ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 77 II.7. Forced migrations and refugees ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 80 II.8. Children and young people during the war ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 85 II.9. Destroying cultural heritage.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 87 II.12. Against the war........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 90 II.11. The war of the journalists ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 95 II.13. International and Balkan reactions ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 97 CHAPTER III: International Actors, Local Issues ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 102 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 103 III.1. The Cyprus question ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................