NOIJ.VQNn OJ3ON3133^1 VNOI±VN r o CO ] ] Q) 1 £Q> : 0) >J N , CO O The National Science Foundation has TDD (Telephonic Device for the Deaf) capability, which enables individuals with hearing impairment to communicate with the Division of Personnel and Management about NSF programs, employment, or general information. This number is (202) 357-7492. GAZETTEER OF THE ANTARCTIC Fourth Edition names approved by the UNITED STATES BOARD ON GEOGRAPHIC NAMES a cooperative project of the DEFENSE MAPPING AGENCY Hydrographic/Topographic Center Washington, D. C. 20315 UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY National Mapping Division Reston, Virginia 22092 NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Division of Polar Programs Washington, D. C. 20550 1989 STOCK NO. GAZGNANTARCS UNITED STATES BOARD ON GEOGRAPHIC NAMES Rupert B. Southard, Chairman Ralph E. Ehrenberg, Vice Chairman Richard R. Randall, Executive Secretary Department of Agriculture .................................................... Sterling J. Wilcox, member Donald D. Loff, deputy Anne Griesemer, deputy Department of Commerce .................................................... Charles E. Harrington, member Richard L. Forstall, deputy Henry Tom, deputy Edward L. Gates, Jr., deputy Department of Defense ....................................................... Thomas K. Coghlan, member Carl Nelius, deputy Lois Winneberger, deputy Department of the Interior .................................................... Rupert B. Southard, member Tracy A. Fortmann, deputy David E. Meier, deputy Joel L. Morrison, deputy Department of State .......................................................... Sandra H. Shaw, member William B. Wood, deputy Bradford L. Thomas, deputy Central Intelligence Agency .................................................. R. David Wert, member Elaine Neal, deputy Wayne S. Kiyosaki, deputy Government Printing Office .................................................. Robert C. McArtor, member S. Jean McCormick, deputy Library of Congress .......................................................... Ralph E. Ehrenberg, member Robert M. Hiatt, deputy Postal Service ................................................................ Robert G. Krause, member Jack Thompson, deputy Phillip Pensabene, deputy The Board on Geographic Names shares responsibility for names standardization with the Secretary, Department of the Interior, Manuel Lujan, Jr. Communications should be sent to the Executive Secretary, U.S. Board on Geographic Names, Headquarters, Defense Mapping Agency, 8613 Lee Highway, Fairfax, Virginia 22031-2137. 1 September 1989 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... v U.S. interests in Antarctica ........................................................................... v Naming authority ..................................................................................... v Name coverage ....................................................................................... v Approved names and variant names .................................................................. v Locational information ................................................................................ v Romanization ......................................................................................... v Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names ............................................................ v Earlier U.S. antarctic gazetteers ...................................................................... vi Foreign gazetteers and name lists ..................................................................... vi United States maps ................................................................................... vii Other maps ........................................................................................... vii How to buy U.S. antarctic maps and charts .......................................................... vii Map collections ....................................................................................... vii Acknowledgments .................................................................................... vii POLICY COVERING ANTARCTIC NAMES ............................................................ ix Types of natural features ............................................................................. ix Application of personal names to features ............................................................ ix Application of nonpersonal names .................................................................... x Criteria of appropriateness ............................................................................ x Recommended language and form .................................................................... x Inappropriate names .................................................................................. xi Approval of new names .............................................................................. xi ANTARCTIC NAME PROPOSAL FORM ................................................................ xii GAZETTEER OF THE ANTARCTIC .................................................................... 1 r INTRODUCTION U.S. interests in Antarctica have been approved by the Board as recently as mid-1989. It America's long involvement with the antarctic region has fur­ supersedes previous Board gazetteers for the area. For each nished a legacy of named places on the continent and nearby geographic feature, the book contains the name, cross refer­ islands. The most prominent features, named long ago, com­ ences if any, and latitude and longitude. Coverage corresponds memorate historic discoveries and achievements. They appear to that of maps at the scale of 1:250,000 or larger for islands, on widely published maps and have achieved universal accep­ coastal Antarctica, and mountains and ranges of the continent. tance in the United States and abroad. Much of the interior of Antarctica, an ice plateau, has been mapped at a smaller scale and is nearly devoid of features and But large, first-order features are just a few of thousands of toponyms. All of the names are for natural features; scientific named antarctic places. The remaining features to which names stations are not listed. For the names of submarine features, have been assigned are no less vital to orderly exploration, reference should be made to the Gazetteer of Undersea Fea­ scientific research, logistics operations, and map making, which tures, U.S. Board on Geographic Names (1981). continue with vigor. Thorough understanding of Antarctica is a recent achievement Approved names and variant names and by no means completed. As late as 1956 more than half Entries include 12,362 approved names, of which 758 have of Antarctica still had not been seen. Four-fifths of the region's been approved since publication of the last gazetteer in 1981. scientific literature has been published since 1960. Place-nam­ Also listed are 2,546 unapproved variant names. Variant names ing also is recent. The United States began to catalog place are indented under the approved names, and they are cross- names systematically in 1943, yet a gazetteer issued in 1956 referenced to the approved names by the word "see." The contained only 3,400 names. By 1981, with publication of the variant names are forms the Board does not recommend for most recent comprehensive gazetteer, the number had climbed use. These forms include misspellings, linguistically correct to 11,604. foreign spellings, such as "Hval Bukta" for Bay of Whales, Antarctica is entering a new and challenging age. The number and names incorrectly applied. As a rule, cross-references are of nations adhering to the Antarctic Treaty, which provides not given for forms that differ only in a foreign generic term, the international management structure for antarctic activities, e.g., "Beardmore Gletscher" for Beardmore Glacier, or for has grown from 12 in 1961 to 39 in 1989. The research-oriented forms that differ from the approved name only in capitalization, United States Antarctic Program, managed by the National spacing, hyphenation, diacritical marks, or a plural generic. Science Foundation, for more than three decades has provided Only the nonindented main entries are approved for use. a permanent National presence in Antarctica designed to sup­ port the range of U.S. antarctic interests. This program, con­ Locational information sisting of scientific research supported by year-round stations and a logistics infrastructure, continues as our Nation's prin­ The geographic coordinates, with longitude based on Green­ cipal expression of interest in the region: knowledge of Ant­ wich, are generally given to the nearest minute and are for arctica's natural processes is vital to an understanding of regional finding purposes only. The coordinates locate the summits of and global change and is the focus of the research effort. Other peaks and hills, the extremities of capes and points, the mouths issues also have emerged; they include environmental preser­ or lower ends of glaciers and meltwater streams, and the centers vation, resource management, and issues raised by the increase or midpoints of other features. in tourism and other nongovernmental expeditions. Romanization Naming authority Names spelled originally in a nonroman alphabet, such as Rus­ This gazetteer lists antarctic names approved by the United sian or Japanese, are converted to roman spellings by a system States Board on Geographic Names and by the Secretary