S. HRG. 110–792 WATCH WHAT YOU EAT: FOOD MARKETING TO KIDS JOINT HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, EDUCATION, AND RELATED AGENCIES AND THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON FINANCIAL SERVICES AND GENERAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION SPECIAL HEARING SEPTEMBER 23, 2008—WASHINGTON, DC Printed for the use of the Committee on Appropriations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/index.html U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 47–517 PDF WASHINGTON : 2009 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia, Chairman DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont TED STEVENS, Alaska TOM HARKIN, Iowa ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania BARBARA A. MIKULSKI, Maryland PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico HERB KOHL, Wisconsin CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri PATTY MURRAY, Washington MITCH MCCONNELL, Kentucky BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois ROBERT F. BENNETT, Utah TIM JOHNSON, South Dakota LARRY CRAIG, Idaho MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas JACK REED, Rhode Island SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey WAYNE ALLARD, Colorado BEN NELSON, Nebraska LAMAR ALEXANDER, Tennessee CHARLES KIEFFER, Staff Director BRUCE EVANS, Minority Staff Director (II) SUBCOMMITTEE ON DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, EDUCATION, AND RELATED AGENCIES TOM HARKIN, Iowa, Chairman DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania HERB KOHL, Wisconsin THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi PATTY MURRAY, Washington JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana LARRY CRAIG, Idaho RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas JACK REED, Rhode Island TED STEVENS, Alaska FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia, (ex officio) Professional Staff ELLEN MURRAY ERIK FATEMI MARK LAISCH ADRIENNE HALLETT LISA BERNHARDT BETTILOU TAYLOR (Minority) SUDIP SHRIKANT PARIKH (Minority) Administrative Support TERI CURTIN JEFF KRATZ (Minority) SUBCOMMITTEE ON FINANCIAL SERVICES AND GENERAL GOVERNMENT RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois, Chairman PATTY MURRAY, Washington SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama BEN NELSON, Nebraska WAYNE ALLARD, Colorado ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia (ex officio) THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi (ex officio) Professional Staff MARIANNE UPTON DIANA GOURLAY HAMILTON MARY DIETRICH (Minority) RACHEL JONES (Minority) Administrative Support MICHAEL BAIN LASHAWNDA SMITH (Minority) (III) CONTENTS Page Opening Statement of Senator Tom Harkin ......................................................... 1 Statement of Senator Sam Brownback .................................................................. 3 Statement of Senator Richard J. Durbin ............................................................... 5 Prepared Statement of ..................................................................................... 6 Statement of Julie Gerberding, M.D., M.P.H., Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services ............ 7 Prepared Statement of ..................................................................................... 9 Statement of Hon. Kevin J. Martin, Chairman, Federal Communications Commission ........................................................................................................... 14 Prepared Statement of ..................................................................................... 16 Statement of Hon. Jon D. Leibowitz, Commissioner, Federal Trade Commis- sion ........................................................................................................................ 19 Prepared Statement of ..................................................................................... 20 FTC’s Authority and History on Food Marketing to Children ............................. 21 The 2005 Workshop on Marketing, Self-Regulation, and Childhood Obesity ..... 21 The 2007 Forum and Current Assessment of Industry Efforts ........................... 22 The 2008 Food Marketing Study and Report ........................................................ 23 Health Systems Reports .......................................................................................... 29 Reducing Children’s Television Viewing to Prevent Obesity ............................... 31 A Randomized Controlled Trial .............................................................................. 31 Methods .................................................................................................................... 32 Intervention .............................................................................................................. 32 Outcome Measurements .......................................................................................... 33 Statistical Analysis .................................................................................................. 34 Results ...................................................................................................................... 34 Participation in the Intervention ........................................................................... 35 Effects on Adiposity ................................................................................................. 35 Effects on Media Use, Diet, and Physical Activity ............................................... 37 Comment .................................................................................................................. 39 References ................................................................................................................ 40 A Randomized Trial of the Effects of Reducing Television Viewing and Com- puter Use on Body Mass Index in Young Children ........................................... 42 Methods .................................................................................................................... 44 Results ...................................................................................................................... 47 Comment .................................................................................................................. 51 Physical Education in the Schools .......................................................................... 54 Statement of J. Michael McGinnis, M.D., MPP, Institute of Medicine, Wash- ington, DC ............................................................................................................. 57 Prepared Statement of ..................................................................................... 59 Food Marketing to Children and Youth ................................................................. 61 2008 Status of Recommendations in the 2005 IOM Report ................................. 61 Statement of Marc Firestone, Executive Vice President, Corporate and Legal Affairs, and General Counsel, Kraft Foods, Northfield, Illinois ....................... 64 Prepared Statement of ..................................................................................... 65 Statement of Marva Smalls, Executive Vice President and Chief of Staff, MTV Network, IDS and Family Group (Nickelodeon), New York, New York .............................................................................................................. 67 Prepared Statement of ..................................................................................... 68 Childhood Obesity: A Multi-Dimensional Problem ............................................... 69 Nickelodeon’s Approach ........................................................................................... 69 Nickelodeon’s Health & Wellness Initiatives ........................................................ 70 Licensed Characters ................................................................................................ 71 Collaboration with Advertisers and Food Companies .......................................... 72 (V) VI Page Statement of Patti Miller, Vice President, Children and the Media, Children NOW ...................................................................................................................... 72 Prepared Statement of ..................................................................................... 73 WATCH WHAT YOU EAT: FOOD MARKETING TO KIDS TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 2008 U.S. SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, EDUCATION, AND RELATED AGEN- CIES, AND SUBCOMMITTEE ON FINANCIAL SERVICES AND GENERAL GOVERNMENT, COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIA- TIONS, Washington, DC. The subcommittees met at 10:35 a.m., in room SD–192, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Tom Harkin (chairman of the Labor- HHS Subcommittee) presiding. Present: Senators Harkin, Durbin, and Brownback. OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR TOM HARKIN Senator HARKIN. Good morning, everyone. The two subcommit- tees of the Appropriations Committee will come to order. This is the Subcommittee on Labor, Health, and Human Serv- ices, Education, and Related Agencies, and the Subcommittee on Financial Services