VILNIUS UNIVERSITY Rolandas Kregždys THE HEREDITARY NAMES OF BODY PARTS (WITH Ö/Ä STEMS) IN BALTIC LANGUAGES A Summary of Doctoral Dissertation Humanities, Philology (04 H) Vilnius, 2005 Research was carried out at Vilnius University in 2001-2005. Scientific adviser: Prof. Habil. Dr. Bonifacas Stundžia (Vilnius University, Humanities, Philology - 04 H). The dissertation defence session is to be held at the Scientific Board (Philological branch): Chairman: Prof. Habil. Dr. Albertas Rosinas (Vilnius University, Humanities, Philology - 04 H). Members: Prof. Habil. Dr. Axel Holvoet (Lithuanian Language Institute, Humanities, Philology - 04 H); Prof. Habil. Dr. Simonas Karaliūnas (Vytautas Magnus University, Humanities, Philology - 04 H); Prof. Habil. Dr. Aldona Paulauskienė (Kaunas University of Technology, Humanities, Philology - 04 H); Prof. Habil. Dr. Bonifacas Stundžia (Vilnius University, Humanities, Philology - 04 H). Reviewers: Doc. Dr. Grasilda Blažienė (Vilnius Pedagogical University, Humanities, Philology - 04 H); Prof. Habil. Dr. Olegas Poliakovas (Vilnius University, Humanities, Philology - 04 H). The defence session is to take place at the public meeting of the Scientific Board (Philological branch) on 26 October 2005 at 4 p.m. at Vilnius University Philological Faculty, V. Krėvė Hall. Address: Universiteto g. 5, LT-01513, Vilnius, Lithuania, phone 2687211. The summary of the dissertation was mailed on(J?. September 2005. The dissertation is available at the Library of Vilnius University. VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETAS Rolandas Kregždys PAVELDĖTIEJI BALTŲ KALBŲ KŪNO DALIŲ PAVADINIMAI ip/ū KAMIENAI) Daktaro disertacijos santrauka Humanitariniai mokslai, filologija (04 H) Vilnius, 2005 Disertacija rengta 2001-2005 metais Vilniaus universitete. Mokslinis vadovas: prof, habil, dr. Bonifacas Stundžia (Vilniaus universitetas, humanitariniai mokslai, filologija - 04 H). Disertacija ginama Vilniaus universiteto Filologijos mokslų krypties taryboje: Pirmininkas: prof, habil, dr. Albertas Rosinas (Vilniaus universitetas, humanitariniai mokslai, filologija - 04 H). Nariai: prof, habil, dr. Axel Holvoet (Lietuvių kalbos institutas, humanitariniai mokslai, filologija - 04 H); prof, habil, dr. Simonas Karaliūnas (Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, humanitariniai mokslai, filologija - 04 H); prof, habil, dr. Aldona Paulauskienė (Kauno technologijos universitetas, humanitariniai mokslai, filologija - 04 H); prof, habil, dr. Bonifacas Stundžia (Vilniaus universitetas, humanitariniai mokslai, filologija - 04 H). Oponentai: doc. dr. Grasilda Blažienė (Vilniaus pedagoginis universitetas, humanitariniai mokslai, filologija - 04 H); prof, habil, dr. Olegas Poliakovas (Vilniaus universitetas, humanitariniai mokslai, filologija - 04 H). Disertacija bus ginama viešame Filologijos mokslų krypties tarybos posėdyje 2005 m. spalio 26 d. 16 vai. Vilniaus universiteto Filologijos fakulteto V. Krėvės auditorijoje. Adresas: Universiteto g. 5, LT-01513, Vilnius, Lietuva, tel. 2687211. Disertacijos santrauka išsiųsta 2005 m. rugsėjo mėnU3., d. Disertaciją galima peržiūrėti Vilniaus universiteto bibliotekoje^ INTRODUCTION The subject of the dissertation are the names of body parts that have been attributed to the stratum of Indo-European lexicon and which form, in one or another of the Baltic (Lithuanian, Latvian, Old Prussian) languages, lexical-semantic ö/ä stem variants. The source material has been chosen on the basis of A. Sabaliauskas’s monograph The lexicon o f the Lithuanian language, with examples from the chapter “Old Indo-European lexicon”, sub-chapter “Body parts”. Further material has been collected from: BEŽK, DLKŽ ‘5, FrŽ, KSŽ, LKŽ, LKŽK, LKŽKP, Lex, LPŽ, LpŽ, LT, LTA, LTT, MžU, OA, SDŽ, SLKŽ, SŽ, WP, ŽCh I-II, Kurschat 1968-1973, Лаучюте 1982, LVV, Silirjs 1990, Lithuanian dialectal dictionaries and sources of dialectology (DrskZ, LKA I-III, LzZ, ZtŽ, DūnŽ), Latvian dialectal dictionaries and sources of dialectology (EV, KV, LVDA, VV, AncTtis 1977, Balode 2000, Kagaine 1992, Laumane 1996, Reljena 1975), dialectal dictionaries of Slavic languages (RHJ, RHS, RHS,, СЦРЯ, СДРЯ, SJP, СРНГ, СРЛЯ, СРЯ, SSJ, CC, USJP), an etymological Lithuanian language dictionary (Fraenkel I, II), etymological Latvian language dictionaries (Endzellns, Hauzenberga 1934- 46, Karulis 1992, Mūlenbachs 1923-1932), etymological Old Prussian language dictionaries (Mažiulis 1988-1997, Топоров 1975-1998), etymological dictionaries of Slavic languages (Bańkowski 2000, Brückner 1957, ЭСБМ, ЭССЯ, ЕСУМ, ГСБМ, Machek 1957, 1971, Фасмер I, II, III, IV), etymological dictionaries of other I-E languages (IEW, LIV, NDW, Boisacq 1916, Frisk 1960-1970, Mayrhofer 1956-1980, Orel 1998, Puhvel 1984, Trautmann 1923, Walde 1910, 1926, Watkins 1985) and other sources of etymology (Baldi 1999, Bartholomae 1906, Brugmann 1902, 1903, Brugmann, Delbrück 1897-1916, Būga 1908, RR I-III, Endzellns 1943, DI I-IV, Gerullis 1922, Этим., IF, Urbutis 1981, Гамкрелидзе, Иванов 1984, Иванов 1959, 1963, Kronasser 1966-1987, Kuryłowicz 1935, 1956, 1962, 1964, 1977, Lehmann 1955, Льюис, Педерсен 1954, Liukkonen 1999, Macdonell 1910, Mažiulis 1970, Мейе 1914, Pedersen 1909, 1913, Schulze 1931, Stang 1966, Sturtevant 1933, 1936, Vaillant 1950-1977, Windekens 1976, Wackemagel 1896,1930, Vanagas 1981). The scientific problem investigated in the dissertation is the origin of ö/ä stem lexical variants (with the meaning of body parts) and, in general, the establishment of reasons for the appearance of word variability. One of the main tasks of the dissertation is to make use not only of the data provided in the Lithuanian Language Dictionary (LKŽ), but also of the living language facts collected in its appendices, and the files of the Dialectal archive (stored in the Lithuanian Language Institute in Vilnius, 5 P.Vileišio 5; for more information see http://www.lki.lt/z_s_f.htm) in order to determine whether such body part signifying word pairs as Lith. nagas H naga - Latv. nags // dial, naga; Lith. pėdas H pėda, padas // dial, padä - Latv. pęds H pęda, dial, рас И pada-, Lith. smakras H dial, smakro - Latv. smak(a)rs H dial, smakre-, Lith. vėdaras H dial, vėdara - Latv. vęders И dial. vędara; Latv. zudds И dial. Zuöda can be attributed to ö/ä stem lexical variants. The analysis of the lexical variants under investigation is made more difficult by the fact that an analysis of certain diatopic variants not only has yet to be performed, but also that different morphological variants are included neither in the LKŽ nor in dialectal dictionaries. Morphological pairs such as Lith. ašara - dial. *ašaras „ašara“ <— ašarai „ašaros“ (nom.pl., mase.) ~ Latv. ašara, dial, asafs, asar ; Latv. dial, bärds, barda; Latv. pufns, purna\ Lith. kakta, kaktas ~ Latv. kakts, dial, kakta] Lith. mėsa, dial, mėsas (nom.sg.); Lith. sparnas, dial, sparno, which have not yet been attributed to the ö/ä stem lexical variants meaning body parts, are considered to be problematic. Some forms have been recorded only in the files of the LKŽ. Certain words, whose internal analysis has not been performed, have been etymologically associated with examples from completely different lexical-semantic groups. For this reason the determination of word origin has been mentioned as a separate problem. Aims and tasks. The aims of the work are to perform a synchronous analysis of hereditary ö/ä stem body part names in the Baltic languages, to reconstruct their internal structure, and to trace their origin by the comparative historical method. The following tasks are to be undertaken: 1) to determine the phonetic, morphological, accentual and semantic specifics of ö/ä stem nouns; 2) to correct the existing explanations of the origins of these words; 3) to organize the ö/ä stem lexical variants chronologically; 4) to determine the reason for the appearance of ö/ä stem diatopic variation in the Baltic languages. Originality of the work and condition of the analysis of the theme. In modem linguistics, morphological variants of words from the same root are often investigated. Slavic scholars have written especially many works on this theme (Трубецкой 1960, 45; Ахманова 1969, 72; Виноградов 1944, 17, 34, 42; Смирницкий 1954, 20, 25, etc. [new analyses] Копелиович 1989; Карпенко 2001,43-46, etc.). 6 There are two main directions of investigation of lexical variants (Стунджя 1981, 21 t.): structural (whose main representatives are: K.Gorbachevich, R. Rogozhnikova) and structural-semantic (V.Vinogradov, N. Semeniuk, A. Smimickij, V. Stepanova). For this reason, two types of lexical variants have been determined: a) word pairs whose meaning and function agree; b) word pairs whose expressive-stylistic characteristics differ (Семенюк 1965, 50). This work holds to the presumption that words from the same root whose morphological elements differ and which signify a difference according to gender (the de sexu principle) while differing in meaning cannot be interpreted as lexical variants (Шанская 1963, 56; Глинкина 1974, 198). The problem of morphological lexical variants in the Baltic languages has been treated frequently in the works of linguists. B. Stundžia has written the most works on this theme. Lexical variants in Latvian have been widely studied by G. Brundzäte-Smiltniece. Separate questions about lexical variants (and ö/ä stems) have been answered by K. Būga (RR II 395 tt., 653), J. EndzelTns (1922, 194; DI I 85), J. Otrębski (1958, 325), J.Kazlauskas (1968, 125), V. Illich-Svitych (Иллич-Свитыч 1963, 43), D.Mikulėnienė (1994a, 17 t.), V. Lazauskaitė-Ragaišienė