International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) Volume 6, Issue 3, March 2017, ISSN: 2278 – 1323 AUTOMATIC BUS FARE COLLECTION SYSTEM USING RFID Sunitha Nandhini.A1, Sangeetha.G2, VidhyaJanani.J3 1 Assistant Professor,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Sri Krishna College of Technology, Coimbatore 2,3,UG Scholor,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Sri Krishna College of Technology, Coimbatore Abstract— Automatic Fare Collection System collect the fare automatically using the Internet of implemented by RFID /Smart card . RFID card is Things in a cost efficient manner.Internet of Things given to the passenger and when passenger gets into allows objects to sensed and controlled remotely the bus he has to swipe the card in the RFID reader across existing network infrastructure. and he has to a destination point in the device will automatically calculates the fare and deduct the II. LITERATURE REVIEW money automatically .Hence people do not have to Literature review was carried out throughout the carry the money and they don’t have the problem in whole project to gain knowledge and improve the giving the right change to conductor. Conductor also skills needed to complete this project. The main feels free in collecting the money from the people. sources for this project are previous related projects, All the record will updated automatically in the research thesis, books, journals and online tutorials. server continuously. When more people are This chapter focuses on the basic concepts and all travelling than it’s also easy to give the ticket. A fundamental theories which related to this project based web-page monitors the bus for amount path and the drawbacks of the current system. taken bus status number of passengers distance information . It overcomes all the problems faced in III. EXISTING SYSTEM bus with IOT based web-page monitor system. In general way, every bus is controlled by a Index Terms: Internet Of Things(IOT),Network conductor. The conductor will collect money from Security,Radio Frequency Identification(RFID). each passenger and issue ticket. Initially, printed papers or tokens are used as tickets. Nowadays, handheld machines are used to print tickets. This I. INTRODUCTION system has many disadvantages. The passenger have to carry the ticket till the reaching their stopping, the Automated fare collection (AFC) systems are used in conductor should ensure that everyone has got the many urban public transport systems around the ticket, the time taken for ticketing is comparatively world. As the designation suggests, these are more and more amount of paper is needed to print typically designed with the specific purpose of the Ticket. For example, if a passenger wish to travel automating the ticketing system, easing public in bus. He has to carry money with them. Then transport use for passengers and adding efficiency to conductor will collect the money and he will give revenue collection operations. In addition, AFC ticket. This has to repeat for all passengers. This will systems are used to enable integrated ticketing across take more time and waste of human resource as well different public trans-port modes and operators in as energy. The data relate to an AFC system urban areas. This chapter gives you an introduction integrated with an automatic vehicle location system about the Internet of Things and its real time that records a transaction for each passenger applications. The main idea behind this project is to boarding a bus, containing attributes regarding the route, the vehicle, and the travel card used, along with the time and the location where the journey began. Some of these are recorded for the purpose of allowing on board ticket inspection but additionally 218 All Rights Reserved © 2017 IJARCET International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) Volume 6, Issue 3, March 2017, ISSN: 2278 – 1323 enable innovative spatial validation features power than LCD and are also bigger and heavier. All introduced by the methodology. of us have seen an LCD, but no one knows the exact working of it. A Radio frequency identification IV. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields that automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. The tags A. The Internet Of Things in Automatic Fare contain electronically stored information. Passive Collection tags collect energy from a nearby RFID reader's An Automatic Fare Collection System (AFC) is one interrogating radio waves. A wireless Wi-Fi adapter of basic station equipment that consists of automatic connects a computer without wireless hardware to a gate machine, a ticket vending machine and the wireless network by transmitting a Wi-Fi The ticket checking machine. In this application, a stable adapter receives signals from a wireless router or and integrated platforms are necessarily to keep other wireless devices and it translates the signal, so passenger flow run smoothly at an a peak hours; at the computer user can access the Internet at any time the same time, all data will be gathered and they are in range of a Wi-Fi hot-spot or wireless transmitted into server. network. A PHP means Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) is a programming language that allows web developers to create a dynamic content that interacts B. RFID Based Automatic Bus Ticketing with databases. PHP provides mysql connect function In Recent advancements in various technologies to open a database connection .The passenger and have made remarkable developments in various bus details have to be maintained by mysql database. fields for public welfare and public transport is one such area. In near a future public transport bus V. DESIGN METHODOLOGY system with advanced technologies like Radio This implementation is aimed at a real time usage Frequency Identification Device (RFID), and RF of Automatic Fare Collection system and does not modules will gain spotlight due to their advantage of compromise on the security. It guarantees us that the higher convenience and greater life standards as proposed project is simple, efficient and cost compared to the conventional bus systems. The study effective. brings out improved solution in terms of cost, convenience, user satisfaction and future A. Problem Definition implementation. There are a number of reasons why wi-fi might be the real pick. C. Related Theory 1. Wi-fi technology is economical. 2. Users compatibleness is considered and given Automatic bus fare collection will be working based more preference on following components. As an electrical device, the computer needs power in order for its B. Methodology components to operate properly. The device is responsible for supplying power to the computer . In RFID has been an emerging technology in recent short, we could say that the main function of the years. RFID consists of two components,RFID Tag power supply is to convert alternating voltage (AC), and RFID Reader. RFID Tag contains information which is supplied by the electrical power system into such as name, address and mobile number. RFID continuous voltage (DC). In other words, the power reader reads the above informations from the RFID supply converts the conventional 220V alternating Tag. IR sensor is used to count the number of voltage into a continuous voltage used by the PC persons entering into the bus. Internet of Things electronic components. we will use ―220 V‖ voltages define the concept of network devices to sense and will converted into +5V. The power supply is also collect data from the world around us, and then present in the PC cooling process. A Micro- share that data across the Internet where it can be controller is a IC chip that executes programs for processed and utilized for various interesting controlling other devices or machines. If your purposes. microwave oven has an LCD screen and a keypad, it contains a micro -controller. All modern automobiles C. The Internet Of Things(IOT) contain at least one micro-controller. We use devices made up of Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) like computers and digital watches. CRT draws more 219 www.ijarcet.org International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) Volume 6, Issue 3, March 2017, ISSN: 2278 – 1323 In IOT is the network of physical objects or "things‖ embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data. An Internet of Things allows objects a sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration between the physical world and the computer-based systems Fig 5.1:Power Supply resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit. Each thing is uniquely identifiable 2.Micro Controller by its embedded computing system but is able to inter-operate within the existing Internet Micro-controller is heart of the system. It has infrastructure. number of features and its controlled over all process we can write code and load the controller for control D. Implementation real time application processes. This chapter discusses the implementation of each module in this project. The proposed project consists of these modules. Hardware collection and assembly Experimentation and result The module 1 involves the collection of hardware needed for the completion of this phase. It also includes mounting of ultrasonic sensors to the PCB. The module 2 incorporates the coding needed for Fig 5.2:Micro Controller the distance measurement. The module 3 is the phase where the sensor input A timer module used to allow the micro-controller to is taken into account for calculating the distance of perform tasks for certain time periods. A serial i/o the obstacle. port to allow data to flow between the controller and other devices such as a PIC or another micro- E. Hardware Collection and Assembly controller. An ADC used to allow the micro- controller to accept analogue input data for 1.Power Supply processing.