Self-Consciousness in Kant's Moral Philosophy The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:39947161 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA ! ! ! ! "#$%&Consciousness in Kant’s '()*$!+,-$(.(/,0! ! 1!2-..#)3*3-(4!/)#.#43#2! 50! 6*7#.!8(42*)9,:;! 3(! <,#!+,-$(.(/,0!=#/*)37#43! ! -4!/*)3-*$!%:$%-$$7#43!(%!3,#!)#>:-)#7#43.! %()!3,#!2#?)##!(%! =(93()!(%!+,-$(.(/,0! -4!3,#!.:5@#93!(%! +,-$(.(/,0! ! A*)B*)2!C4-B#).-30! D*75)-2?#E!'*..*9,:.#33.! ! 6:$0!FGHI! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "!#$%&!'()*+!,-./(01234! 566!07829+!0*+*0:*/;! ! ! #"$$%&'('")*!+,-"$)&.!/&)0%$$)&!12&"$'"*%!3)&$4((&,! 5(6%$!7)*,(&829:! ! ;%<0=Consciousness in Kant’s Moral Philosophy! ! ! +>$'&(8'! ! ! ?*!'2%!!"#$#%&'()*(+",-$#-,.(/',0)1(@ABCCDE!3(*'!,%8<(&%$!'2('!)9&!8)*$8")9$*%$$!)0!'2%!6)&(<! law is a “fact of reasonE”!(*,!'2('!'2"$!0(8'!$900"8%$!')!%$'(><"$2!'2%!&%(<"'F!)0!6)&(<!)><"4('")*G!H"'2! '2"$!,)8'&"*%E!3(*'!($$%&'$!'2('!a “deduction” of morality, such as he attempted in the 2")&134)"5()*( $6'(7'$,8690#-0()*(7)",.0(@ABCIDE!"$!*%"'2%&!*%8%$$(&F!*)&!J)$$"><%G!K2"$!&%-%&$(<!2($!$%%6%,!')!$)6%! 8)66%*'(')&$!')!>%!(!&%'&%('!')!'2%!J&%=8&"'"8(<!,)46('"$6!'2('!'2%!!"#$#%&'()*(+&"'(/',0)1!@ABCAE! ABCBD!J)$"'")*%,!"'$%<0!(4("*$'G!?!,%0%*,!'2%!,)8'&"*%!)0!'2%!0(8'!)0!&%($)*!(4("*$'!'2"$!82(&4%E!(&49"*4! '2('!'2%!,)8'&"*%!"$!*)'!L9$'!8)*$"$'%*'!M"'2E!>9'!"*!0(8'!(*!%NJ&%$$")*!)0E!'2%!09*,(6%*'(<! 6%'2),)<)4"8(<!8)66"'6%*'$!)0!8&"'"O9%G!K2%!<F*82J"*!)0!6F!,%0%*$%!"$!(!8)*8%J'")*!)0!'2%!8&"'"8(<! 6%'2),!(88)&,"*4!')!M2"82!8&"'"O9%!&%<"%$!)*!(!0)&6!)0!$%<0=8)4*"'")*!'2('!2($!"'$!>($"$!"*!'2%! subject’s pure apperceptionG!?*!82(J'%&!)*%E!?!4"-%!(*!(88)9*'!)0!J9&%!(JJ%&8%J'")*!(88)&,"*4!')! which it is the subject’s consciousness of engaging in the activity of thought. In chapter two, I argue '2('!'2%!J9&%!(JJ%&8%J'"-%!0)&6!)0!'2)942'!6(:%$!(-("<(><%!(!0)&6!)0!$%<0=8)4*"'")*E!<(>%<%,! “reflection,” on the basis of which critique can be undertaken. Crucially, critique’s presumption of )9&!&('")*(<!(9')*)6F!"*8<9,%$!'2%!J&%$96J'")*!)0!(!8(J(8"'F!0)&!&%0<%8'"-%!$%<0=8)4*"'")*G!?*! 82(J'%&!'2&%%E!?!(&49%!'2('!'2%!$%<0=8)*$8")9$*%$$!)0!(9')*)6)9$!(4%*8F!"$!",%*'"8(<!')!'2%!J9&%! apperception of moral deliberation and action. This fact, along with the moral law’s status as a 09*,(6%*'(<!J&(8'"8(<!J&"*8"J<%E!%*'("<$!'2('!(!,%,98'")*!)0!'2%!6)&(<!<(M!"$!"6J)$$"><%G!P"*(<<FE!"*! 82(J'%&!0)9&E!?!(&49%!'2('!Kant’s invocation of a!“fact of reason” "*,"8('%$!'2%!$%8)*,!!"#$#%&'’s &%<"(*8%!)*!(!,"$'"*8'"-%<F!J&(8'"8(<!6),%!)0!&%0<%8'")*G!K2"$!"$!*)!<(J$%!"*')!,)46('"$6E!>9'!&('2%&!(*! %NJ&%$$")*!of critique’s commitment to the autonomy of reason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is’s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conversations about Kant’s system, which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iteration of Harvard’s Kant Reading Group, whi:4!7&!6&"*'&6!'*!'4-'!@**5+!H#(:&!>*#(#(/! .8! :*..#''&&?! ;<-'%#:&! 4-)! @&&(! '4&! #.$&'1)! 0*%! )1@)'-('#-2! #.$%*"&.&(')! '*! '4#)! $%*>&:'+! I&%! &J'%&.&28!'4*%*1/4!0&&6@-:5!4&2$&6!.&!'*!:2-%#08!-(6!%&0#(&!.-(8!*0!.8!:&('%-2!:2-#.)?!-(6!@%*1/4'! .8!6#):1))#*(!*0!'4&!0#%)'!!"#$#%&'('*!-!4#/4&%!2&"&2!*0!)*$4#)'#:-'#*(+!,!7*126!-2)*!2#5&!'*!'4-(5!;<-'%#:&! 0*%!4&%!$&%)*(-2!&(:*1%-/&.&('!-)!,!(&-%&6!:*.$2&'#*(+! ! ,!-.!"&%8!0*%'1(-'&!'*!4-"&!@&&(!-@2&!'*!-''&(6!'4&!-0*%&.&('#*(&6!%&-6#(/!/%*1$?!74#:4!7-)! *%/-(#K&6!@8!3-''!;*82&!-(6!C-%#6!3-)%*1%+!,(!-66#'#*(!'*!3-''!-(6!C-%#6?!,!7*126!2#5&!'*!'4-(5!'4&! following people for our many stimulating discussions about Kant’s philosophy: Charles Parsons, L**(!M4*#?!N-:4&2!O:4)?!M4-(62&%!I-':4?!P4*.-)!Q&(62&@1%8?!-(6!H-(68!R#&42+! ! I benefited tremendously from the feedback I received in the department’s Moral and Political Q4#2*)*$48!B*%5)4*$+!,!%&:&#"&6!$-%'#:12-%28!4&2$012!:*..&(')!0%*.!P#.!H:-(2*(?!H&2#.!;&%5&%?! S&%&.8!C#J?!R*1/!T%&..?!;8%*(!R-"#&)?!-(6!U2#"#-!;-#2&8+! ! C#(-228?!,!7*126!2#5&!'*!&J$%&))!.8!4#/4&)'!/%-'#'16&!'*!Q-%6#)!R-@-)4#?!74*!5(*7)!74-'!)4&! 6#6+ ! ! "#! Abbreviations of Kant’s Works! ! ! References to Kant’s works $%&'()!*+$!,(''(-#./!0112$"#0*#(.34!,(''(-$5!1)!*+$!"('6%$!0.5!&0/$! .6%1$23!(,!*+$!72633#0.!8905$%)!:5#*#(.!of Kant’s ;(%&'$*$!<2#*#./3=!>.$!$?9$&*#(.!#3!*+$!!"#$#%&'( )*(+&"'(,'-.)/4!#.!-+#9+!903$!page numbers are preceded by ‘A’ or ‘B’ to indicate the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to undertake “the search for and establishment of the 2$0"-6-)0"3%4305-)#*)6#"/53+1” (G 4:392). If the first %8-!,&+9%')6)-*!%&'!!"#$%&'#"()can be said to constitute the “search” for the supreme principle