ACTEC 2019 Annual Meeting Musings May 2019 The American College of Trust and Estate Counsel is a national organization of approximately 2,500 lawyers elected to membership. One of its central purposes is to study and improve trust, estate and tax laws, procedures and professional responsibility. Learn more about ACTEC and access the roster of ACTEC Fellows at www.actec.org. This summary reflects brief highlighted individual observations of Steve Akers from the seminars at the 2019 Annual Meeting and does not purport to represent the views of ACTEC as to any particular issues. Steve R. Akers Senior Fiduciary Counsel Bessemer Trust 300 Crescent Court, Suite 800 Dallas, TX 75201 214-981-9407 [email protected] www.bessemer.com https://www.bessemertrust.com/for-professional-partners/advisor-insights TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 Items 1-13 are observations from a seminar by Susan T. Bart, Mickey R. Davis, and Dana G. Fitzsimons, Jr., Hot Topics ......................................................................... 1 1. Highlights of Changes Made by Section 199A Final Regulations .............................. 1 2. GRATs, Estate Inclusion if Grantor Dies During Trust Term, Badgley v. United States ..... 3 3. Settlement of Defined Value Clause Case, True ................................................. 3 4. Family Limited Partnership Discount Case, Streightoff ......................................... 3 5. No Reduction of Marital Deduction for Estate Tax on Section 2036 Transfers, Turner III . 4 6. GST Exemption Rulings Regarding Trust Modifications ........................................ 4 7. State Income Taxation of Trusts, Kaestner ....................................................... 6 8. State Estate Tax Planning Issues; QTIP Trusts for State Estate Tax Purposes .............. 7 9. State Fiduciary Cases Regarding Investments ................................................... 7 10. Baseless Breach of Fiduciary Duty Claims ........................................................ 8 11. Failed Attempt to Modify Trust to Turn Off Grantor Trust Status, Millstein .................. 8 12. Alaska’s Exclusive Jurisdiction Statute Unconstitutional, Toni I Trust v. Wacker ............ 8 13. The Dumbest Thief in Fiduciary Litigation, Field ................................................. 9 Items 14 - 26 are observations from the Annual Trachtman Lecture by Professor Mary F. Radford, What If Granny Wants to Gamble? Balancing Autonomy and Vulnerability in the Golden Years .............................................................................................. 9 14. “Warning” by Jenny Joseph ........................................................................ 9 15. Population Statistics – Many More Older Women than Men; More Women Live Alone .. 10 16. Huguette Clark – Example of Eccentricity vs. Incompetency ................................. 10 17. The Other Side of the Coin – Protecting Against Manipulation and Abuse .................. 10 18. Balancing Protection with Danger of Overprotection........................................... 11 19. Perfect Storm of Factors Increasing Vulnerabilities of Elders, Especially Aging Women .. 11 20. Elder Financial Abuse ............................................................................... 12 21. Laws Protecting Against Elder Abuse ............................................................ 13 22. Why Autonomy Is So Valuable .................................................................... 13 23. Recommendations for Law Changes ............................................................. 13 24. Recommendations for Lawyers ................................................................... 14 25. Recommendations for All of Us to Help Balance Autonomy and Elder Financial Abuse .. 15 https://www.bessemertrust.com/for-professional-partners/advisor-insights 26. Summary–Face the Reality of Elder Abuse and Be Especially Vigilant in Guarding Autonomy ........................................................................................................ 16 Items 27-33 are observations from a symposium by Jeff Glickman (J4 Capital LLC, Seattle, Washington), Michael L. Graham, and James D. Lamm, “I’m Sorry Dave. I’m Afraid I Can’t Do That.” – The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Estate Planning and Administration ........................................................................................... 17 27. Ethical Rules Impacted by Technology ........................................................... 17 28. Four Planning Steps for Dealing with Digital Property ......................................... 18 29. Artificial Intelligence – General Description and Concepts ..................................... 18 30. Societal Impact of Artificial Intelligence .......................................................... 19 31. Legal Support Available in Today’s Technology ................................................. 19 32. Artificial Intelligence Impact on the Law ......................................................... 21 33. Strategies for Remaining Relevant in the Age of Machines ................................... 21 Items 34-38 are observations from a seminar by Suzanne Brown Walsh (moderator), Benetta P. Jenson, and Wendy L. Moore (Perkins Coie, Palo Alto, California), The Future Is Here: Dealing with Bitcoins and Cryptocurrencies in Tax and Estate Planning ......... 21 34. Blockchain and Cryptocurrency General Description ........................................... 21 35. U.S. Tax Treatment ................................................................................. 23 36. Charitable Planning ................................................................................. 25 37. Fiduciary Issues ..................................................................................... 25 38. Practical Considerations in Advising Clients ..................................................... 25 39. Basis Effects of Gifts ............................................................................... 26 40. Private Derivative Contracts ....................................................................... 30 41. Partnership Basis Stripping and Shifting ......................................................... 30 42. Using Debt to Maximize Basis Adjustment ...................................................... 31 43. Debt in Excess of Basis in Grantor Trust at Grantor’s Death .................................. 33 44. Basis Adjustment Planning for Beneficiaries .................................................... 34 45. Upstream Gifts or Other Gifts to Moderate Wealth Individuals; §1014(e) ................... 35 46. Achieving Basis Adjustment at First Spouse’s Death Regardless of Which Spouse Dies First; Limitations Under Section 1014(e) If Donee Dies Within One Year ................... 36 Items 47-49 are observations from a seminar by Ronald D. Aucutt, Turney P. Berry, and Professor David M. English, The Trust has Moved Under Your Feet: Do You Feel the Rules Tumbling Down? (The seminar addresses various issues about Uniform Acts, including the Uniform Trust Code and the Uniform Fiduciary Income and Principal Act). ........... 36 https://www.bessemertrust.com/for-professional-partners/advisor-insights ii 47. Uniform Trust Code ................................................................................. 36 48. Giving Powers and Beneficial Interests to an Entity ............................................ 39 49. Uniform Fiduciary Income and Principal Act ..................................................... 40 Items 50 - 65 are observations from a seminar by Terence M. Franklin, Michael D. Simon, and Matthew Triggs, The Ethics of Negotiation: Oh, the Places You Can’t Go ............ 42 50. Negotiations are Commonplace ................................................................... 42 51. Engagement Letter ................................................................................. 43 52. Scope of Representation ........................................................................... 43 53. Persons to Whom Duties Are Owed ............................................................. 43 54. Informed Consent ................................................................................... 44 55. Communications with Clients ..................................................................... 44 56. Negotiations Involving Fiduciary Duties .......................................................... 44 57. Settlement without Paying Attorney Fees ....................................................... 45 58. Contingent Fee Engagements ..................................................................... 45 59. Who Has Authority? ................................................................................ 45 60. Can the Attorney Withhold or Sanitize the Flow of Information? ............................. 46 61. Confidentiality as to Information that Might Harm Another Client ............................ 46 62. Clients Talking Directly to Each Other ............................................................ 46 63. Using Threat of Criminal Prosecution ............................................................ 47 64. Using Threat of Bar Grievance .................................................................... 47 65. Attorney Directed Not to Disclose Diminished Capacity ....................................... 47 Items 66-73 are observations from a seminar