Phobos SR CDF Study Report: CDF-145(C) June 2014 page 1 of 254 CDF Study Report Phobos Sample Return Phobos Moon of Mars Sample Return Mission ESA UNCLASSIFIED – Releasable to the Public Phobos SR CDF Study Report: CDF-145(C) June 2014 page 2 of 254 This study is based on the ESA CDF Integrated Design Model (IDM), which is copyright 2004 – 2012 by ESA. All rights reserved. Further information and/or additional copies of the report can be requested from: D. Rebuffat ESA/ESTEC/SRE-FMP Postbus 299 2200 AG Noordwijk The Netherlands Tel: +31-(0)71-5655174 Fax: +31-(0)71-5655985 [email protected] For further information on the Concurrent Design Facility please contact: M. Bandecchi ESA/ESTEC/TEC-SYE Postbus 299 2200 AG Noordwijk The Netherlands Tel: +31-(0)71-5653701 Fax: +31-(0)71-5656024 [email protected] FRONT COVER Study logo showing Phobos Sample Return Stack with Mars and Phobos and Deimos in the background ESA UNCLASSIFIED – Releasable to the Public Phobos SR CDF Study Report: CDF-145(C) June 2014 page 3 of 254 STUDY TEAM This study was performed in the ESTEC Concurrent Design Facility (CDF) by the following interdisciplinary team: TEAM LEADER AEROTHERMO PAYLOAD/ DYNAMICS DETECTORS GNC POWER COMMUNICATIONS PROGRAMMATICS/ AIV CONFIGURATION PROPULSION COST RISK DATA HANDLING ROBOTICS GS&OPS STRUCTURES MECHANISMS SYSTEMS MISSION ANALYSIS THERMAL Under the responsibility of: SRE-FMP, Study Manager SRE-FMP, Study Responsible With the technical support of SRE-FMP, System Support TEC-MSM, Mechanisms (simulations) SRE-FMP, Observer SRE-FMP, Observer With the scientific assistance of: IKI, Study Scientist SRE-S, Study Scientist With the involvement of: IKI, Technical Support on Sampling chain IKI, Technical Support on Sampling chain IKI, Technical Support on Sampling chain ESA UNCLASSIFIED – Releasable to the Public Phobos SR CDF Study Report: CDF-145(C) June 2014 page 4 of 254 Lavochkin, Technical Support on ERV and PM Lavochkin, Technical Support on ERV and PM Lavochkin, Technical Support on ERV and PM The editing and compilation of this report has been provided by: A. Pickering, TEC-SYE, Technical Author ESA UNCLASSIFIED – Releasable to the Public Phobos SR CDF Study Report: CDF-145(C) June 2014 page 5 of 254 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 13 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................13 1.2 Scope .......................................................................................................................13 1.3 Document Structure ................................................................................................13 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................... 15 2.1 Study Flow ............................................................................................................... 15 2.2 Mission Objectives and Requirements ................................................................... 15 2.3 Phobos Sample Return Mission Architecture ....................................................... 16 2.4 Phobos Sample Return Composite ........................................................................ 18 2.5 Phobos Sample Return Elements .......................................................................... 19 2.5.1 Earth Re-entry Capsule ................................................................................... 19 2.5.2 Earth Return Vehicle ....................................................................................... 20 2.5.3 Landing Module ............................................................................................... 20 2.5.4 Propulsion Module .......................................................................................... 21 2.6 Conclusions and Options ....................................................................................... 22 3 MISSION OBJECTIVES ....................................................................... 23 3.1 Background ............................................................................................................ 23 3.2 Science Objectives .................................................................................................. 23 3.3 Technology Objectives ........................................................................................... 23 3.4 Options ................................................................................................................... 24 3.5 Study Objectives ..................................................................................................... 25 3.6 Mission and System Requirements ....................................................................... 25 4 MISSION ANALYSIS ............................................................................ 27 4.1 Requirements and Design Drivers ......................................................................... 27 4.2 Assumptions and Trade-Offs ................................................................................. 27 4.3 Baseline Design ...................................................................................................... 27 4.3.1 Launch and Earth Escape Sequence................................................................ 27 4.3.2 Outbound Transfers ......................................................................................... 28 4.4 Budgets ................................................................................................................... 28 4.4.1 Short Transfers ................................................................................................ 29 4.4.2 Long Transfers ................................................................................................. 29 4.4.3 Earth Swing-by Transfers ................................................................................ 30 4.4.4 Near Phobos Operations .................................................................................. 30 4.4.5 Earth Return .................................................................................................... 30 4.5 Options ................................................................................................................... 30 4.5.1 Transfer from Deimos to Phobos Orbit ........................................................... 30 5 PAYLOAD ............................................................................................ 31 5.1 Requirements and Design Drivers ..........................................................................31 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – Releasable to the Public Phobos SR CDF Study Report: CDF-145(C) June 2014 page 6 of 254 5.2 Assumptions and Trade-Offs ................................................................................. 31 5.3 Baseline Design and Characteristic of Model Payload Instruments; Category I (Instruments Mounted on LM Only) ............................................................................ 31 5.3.1 Wide Angle Camera - WAC .............................................................................. 32 5.3.2 Narrow Angle Camera – NAC and CSU .......................................................... 32 5.3.3 Stereo Camera – StereoCam ............................................................................ 32 5.3.4 Close-Up Imager – CLUPI ............................................................................... 32 5.3.5 Visible Near Infrared Spectrometer – VisNIR ................................................ 33 5.3.6 Mid Infrared Spectrometer – MidIR ............................................................... 33 5.3.7 Neutron Spectrometer - ADRON-RM ............................................................. 33 5.3.8 Dust Detector - DIAMOND ............................................................................. 33 5.3.9 Starfield Observation – LIBRATION .............................................................. 34 5.3.10 Radio Science Experiment ............................................................................... 34 5.4 Optional Instruments; Category II (Instruments Mounted on LM Only) ............ 34 5.5 Optional Instruments Category III (Instruments Mounted on ERV and/or ERC)35 5.5.1 BIOPhobos Experiment ................................................................................... 35 5.5.2 TV Camera ........................................................................................................ 35 5.6 List of Equipment ................................................................................................... 35 5.7 Technology Requirements ..................................................................................... 38 6 PROPULSION MODULE (BASELINE) .................................................. 39 6.1 Study Assumptions ................................................................................................. 39 6.2 Design Description ................................................................................................. 39 6.3 Options ................................................................................................................... 41 6.4 Interface Requirements.......................................................................................... 42 6.5 Technology Requirements ..................................................................................... 43 7 EARTH RETURN VEHICLE .................................................................