CONSOLIDATED OVERVIEW OF HUMANITARIAN AIR SERVICES IN PREPARATION OF POST WAR PHASE IN SUDAN AND POSSIBLE INTERVENTION IN THE DARFURS MAY 2004 UNJLC United Nations Joint Logistics Centre South Sudan in Nairobi TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................... 6 2.0 REVIEW’S OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY ............................................... 8 3.0 EXISTING HUMANITARIAN AIR SERVICES IN THE REGION OF SUDAN .................. 8 3.1 SERVICES DEPARTING FROM OUTSIDE SUDAN......................................... 9 3.1.1 Non commercial services into Sudan.................................................. 9 3.1.2 Commercial services into Sudan...................................................... 11 3.1.3 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) ................................. 12 3.1.4 Save the Children Fund – UK (SCF-UK)* .............................................. 12 3.1.5 Mission Aviation Fellowship (MAF)*................................................... 12 3.1.6 European Community Humanitarian Organisation (ECHO) ........................ 13 3.1.7 United Nations Common Air Services for Somalia (UNCAS) ....................... 13 3.1.7.1 Management and support........................................................ 13 3.1.8 Services from Uganda .................................................................. 14 3.1.8.1 AirServ International and AirServ Limited..................................... 14 3.1.8.2 MAF Uganda........................................................................ 14 3.1.8.3 Other Commercial Companies .................................................. 14 3.1.8.4 United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) .. 14 3.2 SERVICES DEPARTING FROM INSIDE SUDAN ............................................. 15 3.2.1 Non commercial services into Sudan................................................. 15 3.2.2 Commercial Air Services ............................................................... 15 3.2.3 Other ..................................................................................... 16 3.3 Summary .................................................................................... 16 4.0 FINDINGS, ADVANTAGES AND WEAKNESSES OF THE CURRENT SERVICES .......... 16 4.1 Services departing from Nairobi and Lokichoggio..................................... 16 4.1.1 TAF........................................................................................ 16 4.1.1.1 Advantages......................................................................... 17 4.1.1.2 Weaknesses of the present services:........................................... 17 4.1.1.3 Recommendations for Improvement ........................................... 18 4.1.2 Commercial Air Services ............................................................... 19 4.1.2.1 Advantages......................................................................... 19 4.1.2.2 Weaknesses ........................................................................ 19 4.1.2.3 Recommendations for improvement ........................................... 19 4.2 Services departing from inside Sudan .................................................. 19 4.2.1 WFP Service Khartoum ................................................................. 19 4.2.1.1 Advantages......................................................................... 19 Overview of Humanitarian Air Services 2 of 39 United Nations Joint Logistics Centre South Sudan in Nairobi 4.2.1.2 Weaknesses ........................................................................ 20 4.2.1.3 Recommendations for improvement ........................................... 20 4.2.2 Commercial Air Services ............................................................... 21 4.2.2.1 Advantages......................................................................... 21 4.2.2.2 Weaknesses ........................................................................ 21 4.2.2.3 Recommendations for improvement ........................................... 21 5.0 AIRSPACE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL STRUCTURES................................. 21 5.1 Sudanese Civil Aviation Authorities (CAA) ............................................. 22 5.2 Sudanese Humanitarian Aid Commission (HAC) ....................................... 22 5.3 Kenya Civil Aviation Authorities (CAA) ................................................. 22 5.4 Uganda Civil Aviation Authorities (CAA)................................................ 23 5.5 Command and Control Procedures in place at present for South Sudan........... 23 5.6 Airspace Management Coordination Aspects........................................... 23 5.6.1 Flight clearances........................................................................ 24 5.6.2 Flight Following ......................................................................... 24 5.7 Air Traffic Control (ATC) at main operations bases................................... 25 5.8 Search and Rescue (SAR), Medical evacuation (Medevac), etc. .................... 25 5.9 Options for Improving airspace management and control structures .............. 25 6.0 OTHER CONCERNS RELATED TO THE POST WAR PHASE ............................... 26 6.1 Immigration and Custom entry points .................................................. 26 6.2 DPKO vs. Humanitarian services with regards to priorities and access, etc ...... 26 6.3 Increased aviation requirement ......................................................... 26 6.4 Status of OLS with regards to UN and non-UN aircraft. .............................. 26 7.0 POSSIBLE AIRLIFT REQUIREMENTS IN S. SUDAN/DARFUR.............................. 27 7.1 UN Agencies (WFP, UNICEF, UNHCR, IOM, OCHA)..................................... 27 7.2 CONTINGENCY PLAN....................................................................... 27 7.2.1 Possible intervention into DAFUR .................................................... 28 7.2.1.1 Air Operation ......................................................................... 28 7.3 Issues regarding cost-effectiveness of air operations. ............................... 29 8.0 OPTIONS FOR OPTIMISING OPERATIONS .................................................. 29 8.1 Clearances .................................................................................. 29 8.2 Suitability of Lokichoggio................................................................. 30 8.2.1 Recommendations for improvements ................................................ 30 8.3 Feeder Services, operations bases, destinations...................................... 30 9.0 AIR OPERATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE IN SOUTH SUDAN ................................. 30 9.1 Overview.................................................................................... 30 Overview of Humanitarian Air Services 3 of 39 United Nations Joint Logistics Centre South Sudan in Nairobi 9.2 Problem areas.............................................................................. 33 9.3 Suggestions for improvements ........................................................... 34 9.4 Security ..................................................................................... 34 10.0 DONOR COMMENTS ON THE CURRENT AVIATION SYSTEM ......................... 34 11.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................... 35 11.1 Humanitarian Air Service ................................................................. 35 11.2 Infrastructure .............................................................................. 36 11.3 Coordination with DPKO .................................................................. 37 11.4 Civil Aviation Issues ....................................................................... 37 11.4.1 Other .................................................................................. 38 12.0 LIST OF ANNEXES AND REFERENCES:.................................................. 39 Overview of Humanitarian Air Services 4 of 39 United Nations Joint Logistics Centre South Sudan in Nairobi Overview of Humanitarian Air Services 5 of 39 United Nations Joint Logistics Centre South Sudan in Nairobi 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The overview of the Aviation Specialist (AS) was required to make recommendations for drafting a plan to adapt the existing aviation systems in South Sudan to an inter-agency aviation service, anticipating higher demands during the post war phase. Nevertheless, because of the increasing humanitarian needs in Western Sudan, the scope of the overview was widened to include options for supporting humanitarian operations in Darfur. A vast number of Agencies and individuals were consulted during the overview and their inputs have been noted. A strong Humanitarian system is presently in place that is being conducted from the North (Khartoum and from the South (Lokichoggio). These systems vary in accounting as the system in the North is done on a “free” basis (SO and EMOP) whilst the system in the South (Targeted Aircraft Funding-TAF) is on a full cost recovery basis. The full cost recovery system has the effect that costs per routing can vary from day to day. The North supports all Humanitarian Agencies for passenger movements and a parcel service, whilst the South supports those Agencies affiliated to the Operation Life Line Sudan (OLS) for passenger and non-food items movement. The two systems, from Khartoum and Lokichoggio, essentially run independently from each other. Commercial Aviation