Taking the Car out of Carbon: New Tools and Practices for Measuring the Sustainability Impacts of Land Use and Transportation Policies Presentation to the New Partners for Smart Growth Conference, San Diego February 3, 2012 Projjal K. Dutta, AIA, LEED AP [email protected] (212) 878 1065 Director, Sustainability Initiatives www.mta.info/sustainability; twitter @projjal ; takingthecaroutofcarbon.tumblr.com Energy Consumption & Sustainability: Microview Energy Use: High-Rise vs. Low-Rise Development High-Rise! Low-Rise! Number of 1! 10! buildings! Average oor size! 30,612 sf! 36,000 sf! Area of roof! 88,000 sf! 375,000 sf! Area of ext wall! 343,000 sf! 385,000 sf! Area of parking! 0 sf! 1,837,500 sf! Energy Consumption: Low-Rise Office Park vs. Tall Urban Building Energy Use: High-Rise vs. Low-Rise Development Commute: 210,000 BTU/sqft-yr •! 30 mi. round trip Commute: •! Private Car, 15 mpg, 1 passenger 41,000 BTU/sqft-yr •! 300 sq.ft. per person, 252 days per •! 30 mi. round trip year •! Diesel Bus, 4 mpg, 20 passengers •! 300 sq.ft. per person, 252 days per year BTUs (1,000,000) High-rise Urban Low-rise Suburban GHG Per Person: Kg CO2E (Carbon dioxide equivalent) pa. 8,637 3,341 Transportation Building Operations Materials High Density Low Density Transit - Oriented Auto - Oriented Source: Journal of Urban Planning and Development, Norman, March 2006 Relative GHG Emissions The Choice Energy Consumption & Sustainability: Macroview Energy Consumption by Sector, 2005 India China Germany USA Source: World Resources Institute Total Energy Consumption per Capita, 2005 Germany China 178 MBTUs USA 31 MBTUs 340 MBTUs India 14 MBTUs Source: Energy Information Administration Total Energy Consumption per Capita 2007 New York 209 MBTUs NYC 88.5 MBTUs California 233 MBTUs Texas 496 MBTUs Source: Energy Information Administration Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions per Capita, 2002 Who Framed Roger Rabbit? Judge Doom (JD): Toontown will be erased in a matter of minutes. ! Jessica Rabbit (JR): I suppose you think no-one will notice that Toontown has disappeared.! JD: Who’s got time to wonder what happened to some ridiculous talking mice when you are driving by at 75 miles an hour. ! JR: What are you talking about? There is no road past Toontown. ! JD: Not Yet. Several months ago I had the good providence to stumble upon the plan of the City Council - a construction plan of epic proportions. They are calling it a Freeway. ! Eddie Valiant (EV): Freeway? What the hell is a Freeway?! JD: Eight lanes of shimmering cement running from here to Pasadena. Smooth, safe, fast. Trafc jams will be a thing of the past. ! EV: So that’s why you killed Acme Maroon? For this Freeway? I don’t get it!! JD: Of course not, you lack vision. I see a place where people get on and off the freeway. On and off, off and on, all day, all night. (EV and JR look at each other incredulously). Soon, where Toontown once stood, will be a string of gas-stations, inexpensive motels, restaurants that serve rapidly prepared food, tire salons, automobile dealerships and wonderful, wonderful billboards reaching as far as the eye can see. My god, it’ll be beautiful!! EV: C’mon. Nobody is gonna drive on this lousy freeway, when they can take the Redcar for a nickel. ! JD: They’ll drive, they’ll have to. You see, I bought the Redcar, so that I could dismantle it. ! •! From “Who Framed Roger Rabbit”. Robert Zemeckis, Director, 1988! Vehicle Miles Traveled Trend-lines Obesity Trendlines Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1990 No Data <10% 10%–14% (*BMI !30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1999 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% (*BMI !20% ! 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2008 (*BMI !30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% !30% Inverse Correlation Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions per Capita, 1990–2004 Source: US Department of Energy Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) Transit GHG Emissions Typology APTA Climate Change Standards Working Total: 2.4 million metric tons Non-Revenue Fleet -Traction Electricity - Non-traction Transit Effect Multiplier = 8.24 Electricity-Traction For every unit of GHG that the MTA emits Heating - Non-traction It helps avoid 8.24 units In the net it helps avoid about 17 million metric tonnes @ $30 / ton ~ 500 million Currently un-recognized and un-compensatedRevenue Fleet Fuel -Traction MTA GHG Emissions, 2008 Energy/ Smart Growth/ Water Climate Facilities Materials Flow Carbon TOD Management Adaptation Greening the MTA www.mta.info/ sustainability Is Transit for Everywhere? Cincinnati’s Close Brush Is Transit for Everywhere? Cincinnati’s Close Brush Is Transit for Everywhere? Cincinnati’s Close Brush Is Transit for Everywhere? What happened in NYC Is Transit for Everywhere? What happened in NYC Is Transit for Everywhere? Can LA become a Transit City? Is Transit for Everywhere? Can LA become a Transit City? Conclusions As societies develop/ Transportation emerges as a Automobile-based paradigm industrialize, their energy major consumer of energy. with corollary suburban needs rise. sprawl is wasteful and unsustainable It negates the good effects Sustainable urban growth Designing the right carbon- of “green” building methods has to embrace mass-transit constrained system can and technologies and support density make this happen Taking the Car out of Carbon: New Tools and Practices for Measuring the Sustainability Impacts of Land Use and Transportation Policies Presentation to the New Partners for Smart Growth Conference, San Diego February 3, 2012 Projjal K. Dutta, AIA, LEED AP [email protected] (212) 878 1065 Director, Sustainability Initiatives www.mta.info/sustainability; twitter @projjal ; takingthecaroutofcarbon.tumblr.com .