Exploring eFuse & High Side Switch Features for Your Applications Kevin Herring Texas Instruments - Field Applications Engineer [email protected] 1 TI Power Switch Topologies www.ti.com/PowerSwitch Load Switch Power Mux Low Side Switch Ideal Diode / ORing VIN1 RCP VIN VOUT VIN VOUT Control VOUT GATE EN Logic EN Control QOD Logic Current Anode Pulldown Cathode VIN2 Control Logic RCP GND Hotswap Controller eFuse Smart High Side Switch Rsns VIN VOUT VIN OVP VOUT Drain (VS) GATE IN VDS Clamp Rpg Telemetry PG Isns Gate Logic Control Control EN/UVLO Diagnostics Status Output Logic and Gate Logic Protection dVdT Control Logic C L Current OUT TIMER PWR GND I Limit/Sense Current LIM GND Limit TI Information – Selective Disclosure 2 Power Switch Topologies www.ti.com/PowerSwitch Load Switch Power Mux Low Side Switch Ideal Diode / ORing VIN1 RCP VIN VOUT VIN VOUT VOUT Control GATE EN Logic EN Control QOD Logic Current Anode Pulldown Cathode VIN2 Control Logic RCP GND Hotswap Controller eFuse Smart High Side Switch VIN Rsns VOUT VIN VOUT OVP Low Side Switches Smart Diode/Oring Load Switches are Power Muxes allow Drain (VS) IN VDS Clamp GATE are low side BJT or devices significantly electronic relays that for selection of the Rpg Control Telemetry PG EN/UVLO MOSFET arrays used reduce the energy I Gate Logic Diagnostics Control sns Logic Status Output safely turn on and off appropriate rail when and Gate Logic to drive inductive Protection across a normal power rails. Used for switching betweendVdT Control Logic loads, such as diode, while providing C power savings, power two input voltages or a I L Current OUT Current LIM TIMER PWR GND solenoids, relays, Limit/Sense protection and sequencing, and main and backupGND Limit valves, and unipolar improving system inrushTI Information current – Selective Disclosurecontrol. supply. 3 stepper motors. reliability. Power Switch Topologies www.ti.com/PowerSwitch Load Switch PowereFuses Mux are hotswap controllersLow Side SwitchSmart High Ideal Side Diode Switches / ORing Hotswap Controllers allow with an integrated pass FET. provide system diagnostics and electronic circuits to plug VIN1 ProtectionRCP features include extensive voltage and current VIN directly into live powerVOUT VIN VOUT adjustable current limit, protection features. These systems, eliminating the need Control VOUT GATE EN over/underLogic voltage protection, devices are used for both the EN Control to power-down theQOD system Logic Current short circuit protection, and automotive market as well as before inserting the device. Anode Pulldown Cathode VIN2 Control Logic RCP GND reverse polarity protection. the industrial market. Hotswap Controller eFuse Smart High Side Switch Rsns VIN VOUT VIN OVP VOUT GATE Drain (VS) IN VDS Clamp Rpg Telemetry PG Isns Gate Logic EN/UVLO Control Control Diagnostics Logic Status Output and Gate Logic Protection dVdT Control Logic C L Current OUT I Limit/Sense TIMER PWR GND Current LIM GND Limit TI Information – Selective Disclosure 4 Learn / Discover / Grow www.ti.com/PowerSwitch • Power Distribution and Sequencing: • How do you turn on and off any subsystems to save power? • How do you manage inrush current during system startup? • How do you power sequence your SoC / processor rails? • Protection of subsystems: • How do you protect against short-circuit or overcurrent events? • How are you protecting your system from overvoltage events? • Are you concerned about mis-wiring in the field (reverse polarity protection)? • Detect change/Diagnostics: • Do you need to detect short-circuit and overcurrent events? • Do you have an open load threshold and accuracy target? TI Selective Disclosure 5 “The Basics” Application Notes Basics of Basics of Basics of Basics of Basics of Power Switches Load Switches eFuses Ideal Diodes Power MUX ti.com/powerswitch ti.com/loadswitch ti.com/eFuse ti.com/idealdiode ti.com/powermux TI Selective Disclosure 6 eFuse Selection & Technical Details TI Information – Selective Disclosure Home Power Switches Portfolio Go Back Hot Swap (external FET) vs. eFuse (integrated FET) Hot Swap eFuse • Flexible RDSON (Designers Choice) • Highly integrated • More feature options − Few external parts − No limit on upper current limit − Internal FET, Current Sense − Generally more accurate − Thermal protection • More external parts − Matched FET & protection − RSENSE, FET • Today , supports < 20V @ 12A − Rs, Cs for configuration • or < 55V, 2A TI Information – Selective Disclosure 8 Status <30V eFuse Roadmap Production Definition Development Creative Backlog TPS25982x 3mΩ, 24V, 15A, ILIM, CT, Config Retry, Timer, OVP, QFN >6A TPS24750/1 3mΩ, 18V, 12A, ILIM, CT pin, ISNS, OVP, QFN TPS25940/42/44 42mΩ, 18V, 5.2A, ILIM, CT pin, RCB, ISNS, OVP, QFN <30V <30V eFuse TPS25940-Q1 TPS25940L-Q1 42mΩ, 18V, 5.2A, ILIM, CT pin, RCB, ISNS, OVP, QFN 42mΩ, 18V, 5.2A, ILIM, CT pin, RCB, ISNS, OVP, QFN TPS2595xx 34mΩ, 18V, 4A, ILIM, OVC, dVdt, SON <6A TPS22810 79mΩ Load switch, 18V, 2A, CT pin, SOT/SON TPS22810-Q1 79mΩ Load switch, 18V, 2A, CT pin, SOT TPS25921A/L TPS2596x 87mΩ, 18V, 1.6A, ILIM, CT pin, OVP, SOIC 70mΩ, 18V, 2A, ILIM, OVC, dVdt, SOIC TI Information – Selective Disclosure≤ 2017 2018 2019 Status >40V eFuse Roadmap Production Definition Development Creative Backlog TPS2662x 500mΩ, 60V, 0.8A, ILIM, B2B, RCB, RPP, OVP, QFN TPS2660x 150mΩ, 55V, 2A, ILIM, CT pin, RCB, IMON, RPP, TPS2660x leaded, QFN 150mΩ, 55V, 2A, ILIM, CT pin, RCB, IMON, RPP, QFN Ron TPS2663x >40VeFuse 30mΩ, 60V, 6A, ILIM, B-FET, FLT, OVP, IMON, OVC, QFN ≤ 2016 2017 2018 Future TI Information – Selective Disclosure Home Power Switches Portfolio Go Back 10 16 eFuse – Typical Features • Typical 2V to 80V operation at currents up to 12A. eFuse • eFuses are integrated power switches providing voltage and current protection during fault events like short-circuit, VIN OVP VOUT overcurrent, overvoltage, undervoltage, and over temp. EN/UVLO Control • During short-circuit transient event the eFuse enables a fast-trip Logic dVdT current threshold that terminates this rapid increase in less than 200 ns, protecting the supply. Current ILIM GND Limit • During overvoltage event on the input (VIN), the eFuse clamps the output voltage until the input falls below the OV threshold. Example Parts: • During faults the eFuse will either remain off (latchoff version) or TPS2595 attempt to restart (auto retry version). TPS24751 • eFuses offer many features similar to load switches including TPS2660 adjustable inrush current control and reverse current protection. TI Information – Selective Disclosure 11 eFuse Selection Tree eFuse Key MV – 18V Rated MV – 20V Rated HV – 60V Rated IRP = Input Reverse Polarity TPS25921x L TPS2420 IMON B2B TPS2662x IMON VIN 4.5- 18V, 90mΩ, 1.6A, ABS MAX 20V VIN 3 - 20V, 33mΩ, 5A, ABS MAX 35V ON IRP VIN 4.2 – 57V, 500mΩ, Available Now Available Now 0.88A, ABS MAX 60V ORP = Output Reverse Polarity L TPS25200 TPS2421-x ORP Available Now VIN 2.5- 6.5V, 60mΩ, 2.9A, ABS MAX 20V VIN 3 - 20V, 33mΩ, 5A, ABS MAX 25V Ext = External Blocking FET Available Now Available Now B2B TPS2660x IMON L TPS2595x IMON TPS2590 VIN 4.2 – 55V, 150mΩ, 2A, ABS , Lower RDS Lower , MAX 60V B2B = Integrated Back-to-Back FET VIN 2.7-18V, 34mΩ, 4A, ABS MAX 20V VIN 3 - 20V, 30mΩ, 5.5A, ABS MAX 25V Available Now Available Now IRP Available Now OUT OUT L TPS25910 L = Active Low B2B TPS2594x IMON IRP VIN 3 - 20V, 30mΩ, 6.5A, ABS MAX 22V Hot Swap + Ideal diode VIN 4.5-18V, 42mΩ, 5A, ABS MAX 20V Available Now TIDA-00233 Available Now IMON = Current monitoring Higher I Higher Available Now Ext TPS25923/4 Higher I Higher VIN 4.5-18V, 28mΩ, 5A, ABS MAX 20V Available Now TPS25925/6 Production VIN 4.5-18V, 28mΩ, 5A, ABS MAX 30V Available Now New Sampling TPS2475x IMON VIN 2.5-18V, 3mΩ, 10A, ABS MAX 30V Available Now Fuse PTC eFuse eFuse Overview Integrated FET & current sense an active circuit protection Broken Auto-retry device that commonly replaces fuses and Polyfuse/PTC After Fault: Auto-retry after fault or latch off Prevents failure during hot-plug/swap by protecting against R Not under/over-voltage, over-current, and inrush events Must be ON Reliability: increases damaged replaced Save Space and reduced solution size by integrating after fault by fault discrete protection circuitry Slow trip Slow trip Fast trip Time to trip: (s/ms) (ms) (<1.5 us) Faster Time to Market and increased reliability through Needs Current limit UL/IEC recognition Up to + 2% time to depends on Accuracy: current limit heat up ambient eFuse Features accuracy and melt temp. TPS2660x 60V, 2A, 150mΩ, ILIM, CT pin, RCB, ISNS, RPP, OVP, HTSSOP TPS25940/2/4 18V, 5.2A, 42mΩ, ILIM, IMON, CT pin, RCB, ISNS, OVP, QFN TPS24750/1 18V, 12A, 3mΩ, ILIM, SON TPS25923x/4x/7x 18V, 5A, 28mΩ, ILIM, CT pin, OVC,BFET, SON TPS2595x 18V, 4A, 34mΩ, ILIM, IMON, CT pin, OVP/OVC, FLT, WSON TPS25982 24V, 15A, 3mOhms, ILIM, IMON, OVP, dVdT, PG, Prog Retry, QFN TPS2662x 60V, 870mA, ILIM, CT pin, RCB, RPP, OVP, VSON Highly Integrated Protection Features Discrete vs. Integrated Solutions Discrete TPS2660 Input Q10 Fuse F2 BLK Diode L Load 10m to 100mOhms Power Input Switch To Load VIN VOUT R FUSE for C Over Current & R Inrush15V , Zener Short Circuit Protection TVS Control Input C Transient C Cbulk R50 Load Snubber R47 R D17 Reverse Polarity Surge TPS2660 Protection Protector Q12 R34 C12 PWR_EN Protection features VCC R48 R49 VCC Inrush Current Control R42 VCC 3 R37 OV ref 11 V+ + R36 R51 Over Voltage Protection 13 R43 OUT D14 R38 VCC 10 3 Under Voltage Lockout - 12 V+ 11 UV/OV Protection V- + D9