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Xerox UsiiyersiSy fiicrofiSrns 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 I 76-3494 MARZELLA, John Nick, 1948- THE EFFECTS OF RATIONAL STAGE DIRECTED THERAPY UPON THE REDUCTION OF SELECTED VARIABLES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1975 Education, guidance and counseling Xerox University ifcrofilm, sAnn Arbor, Michigan 48106 Copyright by John Nick Marzella 1975 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. THE EFFECTS OF RATIONAL STAGE DIRECTED THERAPY UPON THE REDUCTION OF SELECTED VARIABLES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY DISSERTATION Presented In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By John Nick Marzella, B.S.J., M.Ed. The Ohio State University 1975 Reading Committee: Approved By Donald J. Tosl Joseph J. Quaranta Herman J. Peters W. Bruce Walsh Peter II. Gwynne Adviser Faculty of Special Services To My Family ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my heartiest appreciation to all those persons who have made this study possible. To my adviser j, colleague and friend, Dr. Donald Tosi, I express my appreciation for his assistance during my studies at Ohio State. To my committee members: Dr. Joseph J. Quaranta, Dr. Herman J. Peters, Dr. W. Bruce Walsh, and Dr. Peter H. Gywnne, I extend my thanks, appreciation and admiration. I would also like to thank all of the persons who participated as subjects in this study. Also, I wish to express my deepest appreciation to Jerry Boutin, James Reardon, and Leon White, my peers, who generously volunteered their time and hard work as therapists in this study. Certainly, my greatest appreciation is extended to my wife, Nancy, and to my daughter, Amy, whose understanding, love, and patience made working and studying much more meaningful. iii VITA September 19, 19*i-8. - . Born = Bellaire, Ohio 19T0* • « ............... B.S.J., Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 1971.................... M.Ed. Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 1971-1973 ............... Psychiatric Social Work Specialist, United States Army 1973* ........... Planner/Coordinator of Juvenile Services, Belmont Harrison County Board of Mental Health & Mental Ratardation 197^. .......... Director of Counseling, Freshman Early Experience Program, The Ohio State University 1975..................... Psychological Intern, The Ohio State University Counseling and Consultation Center FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Counselor Education Studies in Counselor Education. Professor Donald J. Tosi Studies in Counselor Education. Professor Joseph J. Quaranta Studies in Counselor Education. Professor Herman J. Peters Studies In Counseling Psychology. Professor W. Bruce Walsh Studies in Psychiatry. Professor Peter H. Gywnne iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgments................... .............. ill Vi*t3i os...................... iV List of T a b l e s .......................... v List of Figure ............. vi Chapter I. Introduction ............................. 1 Purpose .............................. 8 Hypotheses......................... 8 Need for the Study..................... 9 Limitations of the Study............... 11 Definitions of Terms ........... 12 Organization of the Remainder of the Dissertation ......... Ik II. Review of Related Literature.............. 15 Susceptibility........................ 25 Rational Cognitive Behavior Therapy . 28 Stage Directed Therapy ........... 33 III. Method ................................ 39 Selection of Instruments ............... ^0 Selection of S a m p l e ................... 51 Therapists............................ 52 Research Design ...................... 53 Treatments............................ 55 Statistics ................ 59 S u m m a r y .............................. 59 IV. Analysis of D a t a ......................... 60 V. Summary and Conclusions................. 97 Discussion............................ 98 Conclusions and Recommendations ........ 103 Table of Contents (Cont'd.) Page Reference...................................... 106 Appendix A. .......... .................... 118 B................................. 125 c...................................... 127 Boo. ......«. ...... 0 9 0 0 . 129 E............... 130 F.................................. 13U G. ..... .......................... 135 H................. 157 I.................................... 162 J ........................................ 16h K......................................... 170 LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1. Correlations of Interater Reliability for the Barber Susceptibility Scale......... Table 2. Product Moment Correlations of Interater Reliability for Therapists' Performance of Treatment................ 53 Table 3* Factor Analysis of Covariance for Treatments, Hypnotic Susceptibility, Therapists, and Trials for Adjusted Mean MMPI Depression S c o r e s ................................ 62 Table 3A. Adjusted Mean Scores of Ss' Performance on the MMPI Depression Scale by Therapists X Susceptibility...................... 63 Table U. Factor Analysis of Covariance for Treatments, Hypnotic Susceptibility, Therapists, and Trials, for Adjusted Mean MMPI Paranoia Scores ........... 6h Table 1+A. Adjusted Mean Scores of Sjs' Performance on the MMPI Paranoia Scale by Susceptibility X T r i a l s ................................ 65 Table 5* Factor Analysis of Covariance for Treatments, Hypnotic Susceptibility, Therapists, and Trials for Adjusted Mean MMPI Psychasthenia S c o r e s ................................ 66 Table 5A. Adjusted Mean Scores of Ss* Performance on the MMPI Psychasthenia Scale by Therapists X Susceptibility X Trials............... 67 Table 5B» Adjusted Mean Scores of Ss' Performance on the MMPI Psychasthenia Scale by Therapists X Treatment............................ 68 Table 6. Factor Analysis of Covariance for Treatments, Hypnotic Susceptibility, Therapists, and Trials for Adjusted Mean MMPI Hypochondriasis S c o r e s ................................ 70 List of Tables (cont'd.) Page Table 7* Factor Analysis of Covariance for Treatments, Hypnotic Susceptibility, Therapists and Trials for Adjusted Mean MMPI Hysteria Scores ........ ........ 71 Table 8. Factor Analysis of Covariance for Treatments, Hypnotic Susceptibility, Therapists, and Trials for Adjusted Mean MMPI Psychopathic Deviate Scores........................... "J2 Table 9* Factor Analysis of Covariance for Treatments, Hypnotic Susceptibility, Therapists and Trials for Adjusted Mean MMPI Masculinity- Femininity Scores . .................. 73 Table 10. Factor Analysis of Covariance for Treatments, Hypnotic Susceptibility, Therapists and Trials for Adjusted Mean MMPI Schizophrenia Scores . ........ 7h Table 11. Factor Analysis of Covariance for Treatments, Hypnotic Susceptibility, Therapists, and Trials for Adjusted Mean MMPI Hypomania Scores................. 75 Table 12. Factor Analysis of Covariance for Treatments, Hypnotic Susceptibility, Therapists, and Trials for Adjusted Mean MMPI Social Introversion Scores ...................... 7& Table 13. Factor Analysis of Covariance for Treatments, Hypnotic Susceptibility, Therapists, and Trials for Adjusted Mean Self-Depression Scale Scores............................ 77 Table 13A.Adjusted Mean Scores of S_s Performance on the SDS by Therapist X Susceptibility X Treatment.................................. "jQ Table 13B.Results of Newman Keuls Test on all Ordered Pairs of Means for Susceptibility X Treatment X Therapist One ......... 79 Table 13C.Results of Newman Keuls Tests on all Ordered Pairs of Means for Susceptibility X Treatment X Therapist T w o ...............