ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Title- PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: THE CASE OF ADDIS ABABA By MULU ESHETE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDY OF ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE MASTERS DEGREE IN GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Sep, 2015 ADDIS ABABA 1 TITLE- PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: THE CASE OF ADDIS ABABA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUTE STUDY OF DEPARTMENT OF ADDISABABA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTERS DEGREE IN GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES By MULU ESHETE ADVISOR: TESFAYE SHIFERAW (PhD) Sep, 2015 ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY 2 College of Social Science This is to certify that the thesis prepared by Mulu Eshete, entitled: Public Transportation System: The Case of Addis Ababa and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed By the Examining Committee: Chairman: _______________________________Signature______________Date_________ Internal Examiner: __________________________Signature____________ Date__________ External Examiner: ________________________Signature___________ Date___________ Advisor: _________________________________Signature___________ Date _________ Declaration 3 I declare that this thesis is my original work. It has not been presented for a degree in any other university and all sources of materials used for the thesis have been fully acknowledged. Student: Name: Mulu Eshete Signature: _____________________________ Place: Addis Ababa University Date of Submission: ______________________ This thesis has been submitted for examination with my approval as a supervisor. Advisor: Name: Tesfaye Shiferaw (PhD) Signature: ___________________________ Date: _______________________________ 4 Acknowledgments The researcher would like to express deep gratitude to my advisor, Dr. Tesfaye Shiferaw, for his constructive critical and valuable comments through the research work and professional support and guidance that made this work possible. I also express my deepest thanks and appreciation to Ato Demele Alemu, Ato Girma Onde, Ato Taye Tilahun, Ato Adil Abdela, Ato Hailu Takle and Kifle Lakewo critical comments, excellent guidance and caring as providing me relevant material for doing this research. The researcher is also indebted to all respondents that made this study possible in sharing their thoughts and experiences with me. Deep appreciation and thanks goes to Addis Ababa City Bus Enterprise, Addis Ababa Roads Authority, Taxi Associations, Addis Ababa Traffic Police, Central Statistics Agency (CSA), Addis Ababa Transport Office and Addis Ababa East Branch Transport Office for their assistance in providing necessary documents and sharing ideas for this research. Finally, the researcher‟s goes to the beloved dear mother for her strong support me and prayer. Above all, also thank The Almighty God for making everything possible. i Table of contents Page Acknowledgments............................................................................................................. i Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ ii List of Table‟s ………………………………………………………………………..vi List of Figures ............................................................................................................... vii Acronym and Abbreviations ………..……………………………………….……….ix Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………x CHAPTER ONE: Introduction ........................................................................................1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................1 1.1. Background of the Study and Problem Formulation ....................................................1 1.1.1. Addis Ababa City Profile ....................................................................................3 1.2. Objective of the Study ..................................................................................................5 1.2.1. The General Objective .........................................................................................5 1.2.2. Specific Objectives ..............................................................................................5 1.3. Research Questions .......................................................................................................5 1.4. Research Methodology .................................................................................................6 1.4.1. Data Collection Technique ..................................................................................6 1.4.2. Case Study as a Research Strategy ......................................................................6 1.4.3 .Sampling ..............................................................................................................6 1.4.4 .Data Analysis .......................................................................................................8 1.5. Significance of the Study ..............................................................................................8 1.6. Scope of the Study ........................................................................................................9 1.7. Limitations of the Study................................................................................................9 1.8. Structure of the Thesis ................................................................................................10 1.9. Organization of the Thesis ..........................................................................................11 CHPTER TWO: Review of Related Literatures...........................................................12 2.1. Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………………….12 2.2. Urban Transport .........................................................................................................13 ii 2.2.1. Urban Transport Problem ..................................................................................14 2.2.2. Urban Transport Modes ....................................................................................17 2.2.3. Public Transport Mode ....................................................................................17 2.2.4. General Natures of Modern Public Transport ....................................................21 2.2.5. Public Transport in the Socio-Economic Context .............................................23 2.2.6. Urban Transportation Planning ..........................................................................26 2.3. Traffic Management....................................................................................................30 2.3.1. Traffic Management in Public Transport ............................................................30 2.3.2 Traffic Control .....................................................................................................31 2.4. Transport Infrastructure ..............................................................................................32 CHAPTER THREE: Contextual Background Overview of Urban Transportation System in Addis Ababa ..............................................................................................33 3.1. Addis Ababa City Development Plan .........................................................................33 3.2. Institutional Organization ..........................................................................................34 3.3. Facts about Addis Ababa City Transport ....................................................................34 3.3.1. General Conditions of Traffic and Transport Development ..............................34 3.3.2. Basic Indicators for the Description of Urban Mobility ....................................35 3.3.3. Main Problems of Traffic Development in Addis Ababa ..................................35 3.3.4. Main Targets of Traffic Policy and Practice ......................................................36 3.3.5. A Planning Strategy to Reach the Goals........................................................38 CHAPTER FOUR: Findings and Analysis of the urban transport system in Addis Ababa………………………………………………………………………..…39 4.1. Urban transport problems in Addis Ababa ................................................................39 4.1.1. Congestion .......................................................................................................39 4.1.2. Mobility............................................................................................................42 4.1.3. Ancillary impacts .............................................................................................42 4.2. Public transport system ...............................................................................................43 4.2.1 The City Bus Enterprise ....................................................................................44 4.2.2. City Bus Transport System of Addis Ababa ....................................................47 4.2.3. Depots and their Locations ...........................................................................48 iii 4.2.4. Terminals………………………………………………………………… 50 4.2.5. Route……………………………………………………………………… 51 4.2.6. Bus Operation Characteristics…………………………………………… .53 4.2.7. Organizational