Volume 5, Issue 1 | 2014 A M Australian Medical S J Student Journal Editorial Recapturing compassion Editorial Appraising laboratory-based cancer research for the medical student Feature Exercising patient centred care Guest Minding the mental in health www.amsj.org A M S J Australian Medical Student Journal Volume 5, Issue 1 | 2014 Contents A M S J A M A M A platform for research and endeavour Saion Chatterjee 4 S J S J Appraising laboratory-based cancer research for the medical A M Alison Browning 5 student S J Recapturing compassion A M Grace Sze Yin Leo 7 S J 9 Psychopathy: A disorder or an evolutionary strategy? Dr. Kylie Cheng 10 About Helen Caldicott’s guest article Dr. Mark Foreman The α subunit-containing GABA receptor: a target for the 5 A 6 Abhishta Pierre Bhandari 11 treatment of cognitive defects Dr. HCY Yu, Dr. N Ramanayake, Dr. V A review of early intervention in youth psychosis Baskaran, Dr. H Hsu, Dr. J Truong, Dr. 14 G Balean Insights into the application of evolutionary and ecological 16 Kok-Ho Ho 19 concepts to cancer treatment via modelling approaches Glibenclamide therapy as tertiary prevention of melioidosis for 6 Raelene Aw-Yong 23 Type 2 diabetics Resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in non- 7 Bernard Chua 27 small cell lung cancer and strategies to overcome it Aripiprazole as first-line treatment of late-onset schizophrenia: a 6 Tasciana Gordon 32 case report and literature review Dr. Tammy Kimpton, Dr. The future of Indigenous health in Australia 35 Rob James Professor Stephen Leeder Days of miracle and wonder 38 AO Professor Patrick Minding the mental in health… 39 McGorry 41 Medication-induced acute angle-closure glaucoma: a case study 17 Allister Howie Comparison study of two methods of identifying the adrenal glands Timothy Yong Qun Leow, Dr. 19 43 on computed tomography James Boon Kheng Khoo Test-retest reliability of isometric hip muscle strength measured Thomas P. Denton, Mark A. 3 47 using handheld dynamometry: a pilot study Jones, Dr. Steven W. Saunders In vivo anatomical and functional identification of V5/MT using high-resolution MRI: Dr. Stephanie Barnes, Prof. Gary 52 A technique for relating structure and function in human cerebral cortex Egan, Prof. John Watson Dr. Caydee Pollock 58 Skin cancer awareness in the Northern Rivers: the gender divide Exercising patient-centred care: a review of structured physical 6 Daniel Lowden 63 activity, depression and medical student engagement Dr. John Floridis, Dr. Penicillin allergies: facts, fiction and development of a protocol 66 Alison Ward 69 The history of modern general anaesthesia Dr. Richard Seglenieks ii Australian Medical Student Journal Volume 5, Issue 1 | 2014 Cutaneous manifestations of neonatal bacterial infection Dr. Jazlyn Read 72 The Emperor of All Maladies: cancer 101 6 Michelle Ong 75 6 15 5 2 11 10 18 19 14 13 8 16 12 20 4 1 9 3 7 17 1. Australian National University 8. University of Adelaide 15. University of Queensland 2. Bond University 9. University of Melbourne 16. University of Sydney 3. Deakin University 10. University of Newcastle 17. University of Tasmania 4. Flinders University 11. University of New England 18. University of Western Australia 5. Griffith University 12. University of New South Wales 19. University of Western Sydney 6. James Cook University 13. University of Notre Dame (Fremantle) 20. University of Wollongong 7. Monash University 14. University of Notre Dame (Sydney) Australian Medical Student Journal iii Welcome A M S J A platform for research and endeavour Saion Chatterjee Editor-In-Chief, AMSJ elcome to Volume 5, Issue 1 of the culturally competent doctors to make inroads Association (AMSA) and the MJA to bring WAustralian Medical Student Journal in this area. more opportunities to students, encourage (AMSJ). The latest issue continues to showcase research, and promote medical editing and Additionally, this issue has attracted an the vast breadth of medical student and journalism. Keep an eye out on our website unprecedented number of original research junior doctor research, reviews, and opinions for more announcements. Furthermore, submissions, testament to the growing in a wide range of relevant and compelling our presence on social media continues to popularity of research amongst students articles. strengthen and has played a strong role in and the AMSJ’s ongoing drive to publish increasing our readership, including to an early career research. Stephanie Barnes This issue includes the latest trends in emerging international audience. suggests a technique to anatomically localise laboratory-based cancer research, covered in functionally defined cortical areas using MRI, The AMSJ is produced by an expanding team an editorial by Alison Browning, and provides while a second research article in the field of volunteer staff of medical students which is a timely overview of this rapidly growing field. of radiology compares two key methods now well and truly established across all states Grace Leo’s editorial shifts our attention to the of identifying adrenal glands on computed and medical schools in Australia. This year has waning practice of compassion during patient tomography (CT). Public health measures been a time of transition at the AMSJ with care and ways in which this can be addressed. to prevent skin cancers amongst men and many staff members completing their terms Key guest articles include a piece by women are assessed in a study of rural with us and handing over the reigns to a new Professor Patrick McGorry which builds on Australians, and the findings suggest that the team of enthusiastic editors, proof-readers, and other internal staff positions who bring the momentum placed on medical student measures are still not being heeded by some. with them a wealth of experience. I would like mental health and wellbeing this year, offering The review and feature articles again cover to thank past executive members and editors new insights in this area in the wake of a 2013 a diverse array of topics, with a spotlight on who have overseen the development of the beyondblue survey which highlighted some penicillin allergies, an overview of the history AMSJ and to current staff who have worked stark statistics on medical student and junior of modern anaesthesia, and reviews of cancer tirelessly to publish this issue. I would also like doctor mental health. Professor Stephen and psychiatric treatments. to extend our thanks to the peer-reviewers Medical Leeder, the Editor-in-Chief of the who have provided us with invaluable Journal of Australia (MJA) which is celebrating The growing calibre of research submissions, feedback on articles and are central to the its centenary this year, navigates the overload as well as our staple review and feature quality and success of the AMSJ. of medical information that faces us now and articles, reflect the variety of interests and into the future. The Australian Indigenous undertakings of Australian medical students Finally, I would like to thank our readers, Doctor’s Association provide an informative and junior doctors. The AMSJ is currently in authors and sponsors who continue to view into the future of Indigenous health the midst of exploring potential partnerships support the AMSJ. On behalf of the staff at the in Australia, and draws on the need to train with the Australian Medical Students’ AMSJ, we hope you enjoy this issue. Thank you to AMSJ Peer Reviewers Dr Karl Friston Dr Tracy Putoczki Professor Gregory Peterson Dr Shuli Futeran Dr Joanne Lewohl Mrs Lisa Gilroy Dr Craig Lewis Professor David Robertson Ms Miranda Stephens Dr Saxon Smith Dr Michael Hornberger Dr Andrew Chang Dr Susan Ireland Dr Joseph Moxon Dr William Glasson Professor Philip Hazell Dr Tony Lamont Professor Philip Mitchell Dr Matthew Links Dr Susan Smith Professor Anthony Harris Dr Himanshu Popat Dr Shane Brun Dr Matthew Fasnacht Professor Jennifer Reath Dr Ryan Shum Associate Professor Ute Vollmer- Conna Dr Shaun Roman Dr Martin Kroslak Associate Professor Julian Trollor Dr Wai Kit Lee Professor Saxby Pridmore Professor Graham Johnston Dr Stephen Adelstein 4 Australian Medical Student Journal Editorial A M S J Appraising laboratory-based cancer research for the medical student Alison Browning Associate Editor, AMSJ Increasingly clinicians are being asked to commonly from surrounding lymph nodes, participate in translational research–working but sometimes from such unusual and distal closely with laboratory scientists to help guide sites as a brachial muscle metastasis. [4] research goals and projects. The work that is Cancer cells that metastasise are known to done in the laboratory setting can sometimes have different properties to primary tumours, fall outside the scientific grounding that most [5] and although studying metastasis medical students and clinicians receive at themselves is a valuable pursuit, applying the university, making it difficult to assess the properties of these cells to a whole disease is quality of techniques described in journal flawed. articles. This article aims to explore some Furthermore, in order to culture cancer of the most frequently utilised models and cells, an immortalisation process must be technologies in laboratory-based cancer undertaken to allow continued growth outside research to ease the appraisal of such of the body. [6] Although many cancer cells scientific papers for the budding clinician. have already developed a way to avoid normal Statistical significance and biological cell cycle regulation, this process inevitably genetic mutation have allowed more detailed study into the roles of specific proteins in the significance introduces more oncogenic mutations that development of tumours. A recent publication in Nature demonstrating may not have been present originally. [7] It the limitations of the p value has highlighted is also clear that over time in culture, these A common inducible model is the Kras model. how research results can be unintentionally cells develop further mutations, leading to Kras is a gene that is mutated in approximately misleading, [1] yet many studies still rely variability in results.